How to Implement 3D Beam alignment in ns3

To implement 3D beam alignment in ns3, we need to setup a network topology to optimize the communication by using the directional antennas on the nodes and performing beam alignment for the communication. Below example will guide on how to implement mm wave technology in simple scenario using ns3.

Step-by-step to implement 3D Beam alignment in ns3:

Step 1: Set Up the Simulation Environment

Make ns3 is installed on the system along with the mm Wave module.

Step 2: Create the Network Topology

We need to create a basic network topology using ns3 with nodes equipped with directional antennas.

Step 3: Write the Script

An example is given on how to create and configure a network topology in ns3 with 3D beam alignment:

1. Create a New File:
   • Save the following script as 3d-beam-alignment.cc in the scratch directory of your ns3 installation.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mmwave-helper.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/beamforming-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“3DBeamAlignmentExample”);

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

// Create nodes

NodeContainer ueNodes;

ueNodes.Create (1);

NodeContainer enbNodes;

enbNodes.Create (1);

// Set up mmWave channel and PHY

Ptr<ThreeGppPropagationLossModel>lossModel= CreateObject<ThreeGppPropagationLossModel> ();

Ptr<ThreeGppChannel> channel = CreateObject<ThreeGppChannel> ();

channel->SetPropagationLossModel (lossModel);

mmWaveHelper mmwaveHelper;

mmwaveHelper.SetChannel (channel);

NetDeviceContainer enbDevices = mmwaveHelper.InstallEnbDevice (enbNodes);

NetDeviceContainer ueDevices = mmwaveHelper.InstallUeDevice (ueNodes);

 

// Install the Internet stack on the nodes

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install (ueNodes);

stack.Install (enbNodes);

// Assign IP addresses to the devices

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase (“7.0.0.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueInterfaces = address.Assign (ueDevices);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer enbInterfaces = address.Assign (enbDevices);

// Set up mobility model

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install (ueNodes);

mobility.Install (enbNodes);

ueNodes.Get (0)->GetObject<MobilityModel> ()->SetPosition (Vector (0.0, 0.0, 0.0));

enbNodes.Get (0)->GetObject<MobilityModel> ()->SetPosition (Vector (100.0, 0.0, 10.0));

// Set up applications

uint16_t port = 12345;

UdpServerHelper server (port);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = server.Install (ueNodes.Get (0));

serverApp.Start (Seconds (1.0));

serverApp.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

UdpClientHelper client (ueInterfaces.GetAddress (0), port);

client.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (100));

client.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (MilliSeconds (100)));

client.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = client.Install (enbNodes.Get (0));

clientApp.Start (Seconds (2.0));

clientApp.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Enable 3D beam alignment

Ptr<MmWaveBeamforming> beamforming = CreateObject<MmWaveBeamforming> ();

beamforming->Initialize (enbNodes.Get (0), ueNodes.Get (0));

beamforming->SetBeamformingMethod (“3D”);

beamforming->AlignBeams ();

// Run simulation

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));

Simulator::Run ();

Simulator::Destroy ();

return 0;

}

Explanation:

1. Create Nodes:
   • Create one UE (User Equipment) node and one eNodeB (evolved Node B) node.
2. Set Up mmWave Channel and PHY:
   • Set up the mmWave channel using the ThreeGppPropagationLossModel and ThreeGppChannel.
   • Use the mmWaveHelper to install devices on the nodes.
3. Install the Internet Stack:
   • Install the Internet stack on both the UE and eNodeB nodes.
4. Assign IP Addresses:
   • Assign IP addresses to the devices using Ipv4AddressHelper.
5. Set Up Mobility Models:
   • Use the ConstantPositionMobilityModel to set fixed positions for the UE and eNodeB nodes.
6. Set Up Applications:
   • To generate traffic, we need to set up a UDP server on the UE and a UDP client on the eNodeB
7. Enable 3D Beam Alignment:
   • Create an instance of MmWaveBeamforming and initialize it with the eNodeB and UE nodes.
   • Set the beamforming method to “3D” and align the beams.
8. Run Simulation:
   • Run the simulation and then destroy it after completion.

Step 4: Compile and Run the Script

1. Save the script as 3d-beam-alignment.cc in the scratch directory in ns3 installation.
2. Compile the script using the following commands:

./waf configure

./waf build

./waf –run 3d-beam-alignment

Step 5: Analyze the Results

We can analyze the results by looking at the logs and any generated output files to verify the behaviour of the 3D beam alignment, After running the simulation process.

From the given above steps we had learnt to implement 3D Beam alignment in ns3 by setting up the environment, creating and configuring topology and simulating to analyse the results in ns3.

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