To implement the 5G network security in ns3 requires us to simulate secure interaction amongst the 5G components like User Equipment (UE), 5G base stations (gNB), and possibly an attacker. The security mechanisms should be contain encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection. Below is a step-by-step implementation process to setting up and simulating 5G network security in ns3.
Step-by-Step Implementation
Step 1: Set Up the ns3 Environment
Make sure that, you have installed the ns3 on your system.
Step 2: Define the Network Topology
Node has to signifies UEs, gNBs and possibly an attacker by building a network topology.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/antenna-module.h”
#include “ns3/lte-module.h”
#include “ns3/mmwave-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“5GNetworkSecurityExample”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer ueNodes;
ueNodes.Create (2); // User Equipment (UE) nodes
NodeContainer gNbNodes;
gNbNodes.Create (2); // 5G base stations (gNB) nodes
NodeContainer attackerNode;
attackerNode.Create (1); // Attacker node
// Set up mobility
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (ueNodes);
mobility.Install (gNbNodes);
mobility.Install (attackerNode);
// Create the internet
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (ueNodes);
internet.Install (gNbNodes);
internet.Install (attackerNode);
// Set up point-to-point connections
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“10Gbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (ueNodes.Get (0), gNbNodes.Get (0))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (ueNodes.Get (1), gNbNodes.Get (1))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (gNbNodes.Get (0), gNbNodes.Get (1))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (gNbNodes.Get (1), attackerNode.Get (0))));
// Install LTE and 5G NR modules
Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper> ();
Ptr<mmwave::MmWaveHelper> mmWaveHelper = CreateObject<mmwave::MmWaveHelper> ();
mmWaveHelper->SetEpcHelper (CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ());
mmWaveHelper->Initialize ();
lteHelper->SetEpcHelper (CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ());
NetDeviceContainer enbDevs = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice (gNbNodes);
NetDeviceContainer ueDevs = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice (ueNodes);
// Attach UEs to gNBs
lteHelper->Attach (ueDevs.Get (0), enbDevs.Get (0));
lteHelper->Attach (ueDevs.Get (1), enbDevs.Get (1));
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
// Create and configure applications…
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 3: Simulate Communication
Simulate the communication among the UEs and gNBs by creating an applications.
UE Application:
class UEApplication : public Application {
public:
UEApplication () : m_socket (0) {}
virtual ~UEApplication () {}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication () {
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 8080);
m_socket->Bind (local);
m_socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&UEApplication::HandleRead, this));
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (2.0), &UEApplication::SendData, this);
}
virtual void StopApplication () {
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
m_socket = 0;
}
}
private:
void SendData () {
Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> ((uint8_t*)”ue-data”, 7);
m_socket->SendTo (packet, 0, InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address (“10.1.1.2”), 8080)); // Send to gNB
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (5.0), &UEApplication::SendData, this);
}
void HandleRead (Ptr<Socket> socket) {
Ptr<Packet> packet;
Address from;
while ((packet = socket->RecvFrom (from))) {
NS_LOG_INFO (“UE received: ” << packet->GetSize ());
}
}
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
};
gNB Application:
class gNBApplication : public Application {
public:
gNBApplication () : m_socket (0) {}
virtual ~gNBApplication () {}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication () {
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 8080);
m_socket->Bind (local);
m_socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&gNBApplication::HandleRead, this));
}
virtual void StopApplication () {
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
m_socket = 0;
}
}
private:
void HandleRead (Ptr<Socket> socket) {
Ptr<Packet> packet;
Address from;
while ((packet = socket->RecvFrom (from))) {
NS_LOG_INFO (“gNB received: ” << packet->GetSize ());
// Process data and respond if necessary
std::string responseData = “processed-data”;
Ptr<Packet> responsePacket = Create<Packet> ((uint8_t*)responseData.c_str (), responseData.size ());
m_socket->SendTo (responsePacket, 0, InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (from));
}
}
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
};
Step 4: Implement Security Mechanisms
Simulate security mechanisms like encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection.
Authentication:
class AuthApplication : public Application {
public:
AuthApplication () : m_socket (0) {}
virtual ~AuthApplication () {}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication () {
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 7070);
m_socket->Bind (local);
m_socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&AuthApplication::HandleRead, this));
}
virtual void StopApplication () {
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
m_socket = 0;
}
}
private:
void HandleRead (Ptr<Socket> socket) {
Ptr<Packet> packet;
Address from;
while ((packet = socket->RecvFrom (from))) {
std::string data = std::string ((char*) packet->PeekData ());
if (Authenticate (data)) {
NS_LOG_INFO (“Authentication successful from ” << InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (from).GetIpv4 ());
ForwardPacket (packet);
} else {
NS_LOG_WARN (“Authentication failed from ” << InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (from).GetIpv4 ());
}
}
}
bool Authenticate (const std::string& data) {
// Simplified authentication logic
return data == “valid-credentials”;
}
void ForwardPacket (Ptr<Packet> packet) {
Ptr<Socket> socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
InetSocketAddress remote = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address (“10.1.1.2”), 8080); // Forward to another node
socket->Connect (remote);
socket->Send (packet);
socket->Close ();
}
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
};
Encryption:
class EncryptionApplication : public Application {
public:
EncryptionApplication () : m_socket (0) {}
virtual ~EncryptionApplication () {}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication () {
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 6060);
m_socket->Bind (local);
m_socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&EncryptionApplication::HandleRead, this));
}
virtual void StopApplication () {
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
m_socket = 0;
}
}
private:
void HandleRead (Ptr<Socket> socket) {
Ptr<Packet> packet;
Address from;
while ((packet = socket->RecvFrom (from))) {
std::string data = std::string ((char*) packet->PeekData ());
std::string decryptedData = Decrypt (data);
NS_LOG_INFO (“Received encrypted data: ” << data << “, decrypted data: ” << decryptedData);
}
}
std::string Decrypt (const std::string& data) {
// Simplified decryption logic
return data; // Assume data is already decrypted for simplicity
}
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
};
Intrusion Detection System (IDS):
class IDSApplication : public Application {
public:
IDSApplication () : m_socket (0) {}
virtual ~IDSApplication () {}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication () {
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 5050);
m_socket->Bind (local);
m_socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&IDSApplication::HandleRead, this));
}
virtual void StopApplication () {
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
m_socket = 0;
}
}
private:
void HandleRead (Ptr<Socket> socket) {
Ptr<Packet> packet;
Address from;
while ((packet = socket->RecvFrom (from))) {
std::string data = std::string ((char*) packet->PeekData ());
if (DetectIntrusion (data)) {
NS_LOG_WARN (“Intrusion detected from ” << InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (from).GetIpv4 ());
} else {
NS_LOG_INFO (“Normal traffic from ” << InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (from).GetIpv4 ());
}
}
}
bool DetectIntrusion (const std::string& data) {
// Simplified intrusion detection logic
return data == “malicious-pattern”;
}
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
};
Step 5: Deploy Applications
Within the network, we have to instantiate and execute the applications on the proper nodes:
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer ueNodes;
ueNodes.Create (2); // User Equipment (UE) nodes
NodeContainer gNbNodes;
gNbNodes.Create (2); // 5G base stations (gNB) nodes
NodeContainer attackerNode;
attackerNode.Create (1); // Attacker node
// Set up mobility
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (ueNodes);
mobility.Install (gNbNodes);
mobility.Install (attackerNode);
// Create the internet
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (ueNodes);
internet.Install (gNbNodes);
internet.Install (attackerNode);
// Set up point-to-point connections
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“10Gbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (ueNodes.Get (0), gNbNodes.Get (0))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (ueNodes.Get (1), gNbNodes.Get (1))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (gNbNodes.Get (0), gNbNodes.Get (1))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (gNbNodes.Get (1), attackerNode.Get (0))));
// Install LTE and 5G NR modules
Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper> ();
Ptr<mmwave::MmWaveHelper> mmWaveHelper = CreateObject<mmwave::MmWaveHelper> ();
mmWaveHelper->SetEpcHelper (CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ());
mmWaveHelper->Initialize ();
lteHelper->SetEpcHelper (CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ());
NetDeviceContainer enbDevs = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice (gNbNodes);
NetDeviceContainer ueDevs = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice (ueNodes);
// Attach UEs to gNBs
lteHelper->Attach (ueDevs.Get (0), enbDevs.Get (0));
lteHelper->Attach (ueDevs.Get (1), enbDevs.Get (1));
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
// Create and configure the UE application
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ueNodes.GetN (); ++i) {
Ptr<UEApplication> ueApp = CreateObject<UEApplication> ();
ueNodes.Get (i)->AddApplication (ueApp);
ueApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
ueApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
}
// Create and configure the gNB application
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gNbNodes.GetN (); ++i) {
Ptr<gNBApplication> gNbApp = CreateObject<gNBApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (i)->AddApplication (gNbApp);
gNbApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
gNbApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
}
// Create and configure the Auth application
Ptr<AuthApplication> authApp = CreateObject<AuthApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (authApp);
authApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
authApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
// Create and configure the Encryption application
Ptr<EncryptionApplication> encryptionApp = CreateObject<EncryptionApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (encryptionApp);
encryptionApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
encryptionApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
// Create and configure the IDS application
Ptr<IDSApplication> idsApp = CreateObject<IDSApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (idsApp);
idsApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
idsApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 6: Simulate an Attack
Simulate an attack from the attacker node by examine the security mechanisms:
class AttackerApplication : public Application {
public:
AttackerApplication () : m_socket (0) {}
virtual ~AttackerApplication () {}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication () {
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket (GetNode (), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
m_peer = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address (“10.1.1.2”), 8080); // Target gNB
m_socket->Connect (m_peer);
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (3.0), &AttackerApplication::SendMaliciousPacket, this);
}
virtual void StopApplication () {
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
m_socket = 0;
}
}
private:
void SendMaliciousPacket () {
std::string maliciousData = “malicious-pattern”; // Simplified malicious pattern
Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> ((uint8_t*)maliciousData.c_str (), maliciousData.size ());
m_socket->Send (packet);
}
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
Address m_peer;
};
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer ueNodes;
ueNodes.Create (2); // User Equipment (UE) nodes
NodeContainer gNbNodes;
gNbNodes.Create (2); // 5G base stations (gNB) nodes
NodeContainer attackerNode;
attackerNode.Create (1); // Attacker node
// Set up mobility
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (ueNodes);
mobility.Install (gNbNodes);
mobility.Install (attackerNode);
// Create the internet
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (ueNodes);
internet.Install (gNbNodes);
internet.Install (attackerNode);
// Set up point-to-point connections
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“10Gbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (ueNodes.Get (0), gNbNodes.Get (0))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (ueNodes.Get (1), gNbNodes.Get (1))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (gNbNodes.Get (0), gNbNodes.Get (1))));
p2pDevices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (gNbNodes.Get (1), attackerNode.Get (0))));
// Install LTE and 5G NR modules
Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper> ();
Ptr<mmwave::MmWaveHelper> mmWaveHelper = CreateObject<mmwave::MmWaveHelper> ();
mmWaveHelper->SetEpcHelper (CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ());
mmWaveHelper->Initialize ();
lteHelper->SetEpcHelper (CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ());
NetDeviceContainer enbDevs = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice (gNbNodes);
NetDeviceContainer ueDevs = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice (ueNodes);
// Attach UEs to gNBs
lteHelper->Attach (ueDevs.Get (0), enbDevs.Get (0));
lteHelper->Attach (ueDevs.Get (1), enbDevs.Get (1));
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
// Create and configure the UE application
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ueNodes.GetN (); ++i) {
Ptr<UEApplication> ueApp = CreateObject<UEApplication> ();
ueNodes.Get (i)->AddApplication (ueApp);
ueApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
ueApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
}
// Create and configure the gNB application
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gNbNodes.GetN (); ++i) {
Ptr<gNBApplication> gNbApp = CreateObject<gNBApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (i)->AddApplication (gNbApp);
gNbApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
gNbApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
}
// Create and configure the Auth application
Ptr<AuthApplication> authApp = CreateObject<AuthApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (authApp);
authApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
authApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
// Create and configure the Encryption application
Ptr<EncryptionApplication> encryptionApp = CreateObject<EncryptionApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (encryptionApp);
encryptionApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
encryptionApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
// Create and configure the IDS application
Ptr<IDSApplication> idsApp = CreateObject<IDSApplication> ();
gNbNodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (idsApp);
idsApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.0));
idsApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.0));
// Create and configure the Attacker application
Ptr<AttackerApplication> attackerApp = CreateObject<AttackerApplication> ();
attackerNode.Get (0)->AddApplication (attackerApp);
attackerApp->SetStartTime (Seconds (3.0));
attackerApp->SetStopTime (Seconds (4.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
We thoroughly guided you about 5G network security, how to install and implement them and how it is involved in the security measures in this ns3 tool. We will offer the relevant details on this topic, if needed. We offer assistance in the implementation of 5G network security within ns3 simulations. Our team provides performance analysis in this area, and we encourage you to share your details with us for further support. We are excited to collaborate on innovative project ideas, focusing on encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection tailored to your needs.