To implement flooding routing in ns3, we have to create a routing protocol which broadcasts every packet it receives to all its neighbours. Flooding routing is a simple technique used in enormous networking protocols, specifically in scenarios where information on topology is not available.
Here is a quick and detailed guide on implementing a flooding routing protocol in ns3.
Steps for implementation
- Set up your ns3 :
- Make sure that ns3 is installed in the computer. If not, install it from the official ns3 website.
- Include necessary libraries :
- In your script, include the necessary libraries.
- Define network topology :
- For your network topology, create the nodes and links.
- Implement the flooding routing protocol :
- Create a custom routing protocol class to route packets based on flow characteristics.
- Integrate the Custom Routing Protocol :
- On the ns3 stack, integrate your custom routing protocol.
- Set Up Applications :
- To generate traffic and test the routing, install applications.
- Run the Simulation :
- Define the simulation parameters and run it.
Example implementation in C++
Here is a complete example on implementing a basic flooding routing protocol in ns3:
Include libraries :
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
Define Network Topology:
using namespace ns3;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(4);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(0), nodes.Get(1)));
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(1), nodes.Get(2)));
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(2), nodes.Get(3)));
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(3), nodes.Get(0)));
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
address.Assign(devices);
Implement the Flooding Routing Protocol:
- Create a new header file flooding-routing.h:
#ifndef FLOODING_ROUTING_H
#define FLOODING_ROUTING_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/net-device.h”
#include “ns3/ptr.h”
#include “ns3/socket.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-address.h”
#include <set>
namespace ns3 {
class FloodingRouting : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId(void);
FloodingRouting();
virtual ~FloodingRouting();
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput(
Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header,
Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput(
Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header,
Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb,
LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp(uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown(uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress(uint32_t interface,
Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress(uint32_t interface,
Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4(Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
private:
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::set<uint64_t> m_receivedPackets;
};
}
#endif // FLOODING_ROUTING_H
Create the corresponding implementation file flooding-routing.cc:
#include “flooding-routing.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“FloodingRouting”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(FloodingRouting);
TypeId FloodingRouting::GetTypeId(void) {
static TypeId tid = TypeId(“ns3::FloodingRouting”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol>()
.SetGroupName(“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<FloodingRouting>();
return tid;
}
FloodingRouting::FloodingRouting() {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}
FloodingRouting::~FloodingRouting() {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}
void FloodingRouting::SetIpv4(Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << ipv4);
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
}
Ptr<Ipv4Route> FloodingRouting::RouteOutput(
Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif,
Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << p << header << oif << sockerr);
// Flooding routing does not need to implement RouteOutput
return 0;
}
bool FloodingRouting::RouteInput(
Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header,
Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb,
MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb,
ErrorCallback ecb) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << p << header << idev << ucb << mcb
<< lcb << ecb);
uint64_t packetId = p->GetUid();
if (m_receivedPackets.find(packetId) != m_receivedPackets.end()) {
// Packet already received, drop it to avoid loops
return false;
}
m_receivedPackets.insert(packetId);
if (header.GetDestination() == m_ipv4->GetAddress(1, 0).GetLocal()) {
lcb(p, header, idev);
return true;
}
// Flood packet to all interfaces except the one it came from
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_ipv4->GetNInterfaces(); ++i) {
if (i != m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice(idev)) {
Ptr<NetDevice> outNetDevice = m_ipv4->GetNetDevice(i);
Ptr<Packet> packetCopy = p->Copy();
m_ipv4->Send(packetCopy, outNetDevice->GetAddress(), header.GetDestination(), 0);
}
}
return true;
}
void FloodingRouting::NotifyInterfaceUp(uint32_t interface) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << interface);
}
void FloodingRouting::NotifyInterfaceDown(uint32_t interface) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << interface);
}
void FloodingRouting::NotifyAddAddress(uint32_t interface,
Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << interface << address);
}
void FloodingRouting::NotifyRemoveAddress(uint32_t interface,
Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {
NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << interface << address);
}
}
Integrate the Custom Routing Protocol:
#include “flooding-routing.h”
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(4);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(0), nodes.Get(1)));
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(1), nodes.Get(2)));
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(2), nodes.Get(3)));
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(3), nodes.Get(0)));
InternetStackHelper stack;
FloodingRoutingHelper floodingRouting;
Ipv4ListRoutingHelper list;
list.Add(floodingRouting, 0);
stack.SetRoutingHelper(list);
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
address.Assign(devices);
// Set up applications
uint16_t port = 9;
UdpEchoServerHelper server(port);
ApplicationContainer apps = server.Install(nodes.Get(3));
apps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper client(address.GetAddress(3), port);
client.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(1));
client.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));
client.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));
apps = client.Install(nodes.Get(0));
apps.Start(Seconds(2.0));
apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Explanation
- Network Topology :
The four nodes connected in a ring, to set up the network topology.
- Flooding routing protocol :
A custom flooding routing protocol is implemented for forwarding each received packet to all its neighbors except the one it came from.
- Route Input :
To handle packet routing based on the routing table, the RouteInput methods is used.
- Integrate Custom Routing Protocol :
The custom routing protocol is integrated into the ns3 stack using the flooding RoutingHelper.
- Applications :
To set up to test the routing, UdpEchoServer and UdpEchoClient applications are used.
Running the Code :
Save your script to a file, for example, flooding-routing.cc and Compile the script using the ns3 build system
./waf configure –enable-examples
./waf build
./waf –run scratch/flooding-routing
Overall, we had a performance analysis on implementing Flooding routing in ns3 which involves routing protocol that broadcasts each packet it receives to all its neighbors.
Flooding routing in ns3 with performance analysis are well aided by us so contact ns3simulation.com for best results.