To implement the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) in ns3, we need to create the required classes and methods that can supports the behavior of the protocol. RIP is also known as a distance-vector routing protocol that uses a particular routing metric which is hop count.
Here we have provided the steps to implement RIP IN ns3 using hop count as an routing metric.
Step-by-step guide to Implement RIP in ns-3
- Set Up Your ns-3 Workspace: Make sure ns3 is installed on the system.
- Create a New Module for RIP:
- Navigate to the src directory of ns3 and create a new directory named rip.
- Inside the rip directory, create subdirectories: model, helper, and examples.
- Define the RIP Protocol:
- In the model directory, create .cc and .h files for the RIP protocol. Define the RipRoutingProtocol class that inherits from the Ipv4RoutingProtocol class.
- Implement RIP Classes:
- Implement the key components of RIP: periodic updates, triggered updates, and handling RIP messages.
- Create classes for the RIP control messages: Request and Response.
- Integrate RIP with ns-3’s Routing System:
- Modify the RoutingHelper class to include RIP.
- Register RIP as a routing protocol in ns-3.
- Create a Simulation Script:
- Set up a network topology.
- Install the Internet stack.
- Use the RIP routing helper to enable RIP.
- Set up applications and run the simulation.
Example Code Structure
Here’s an example code structure for implementing RIP in ns3.
Define RIP Routing Protocol
// src/rip/model/rip-routing-protocol.h
#ifndef RIP_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#define RIP_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-l3-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-route.h”
#include “ns3/node.h”
#include “ns3/net-device.h”
#include “ns3/socket.h”
#include “ns3/timer.h”
#include <vector>
#include <map>
namespace ns3 {
class RipRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol
{
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
RipRoutingProtocol ();
virtual ~RipRoutingProtocol ();
// Inherited from Ipv4RoutingProtocol
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header,
Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb,
LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
void RecvRip (Ptr<Socket> socket);
private:
void Start ();
void Stop ();
void SendPeriodicUpdate ();
void SendTriggeredUpdate ();
void HandleRipRequest (Ptr<Packet> p, Ipv4Address src, Ipv4Address dst);
void HandleRipResponse (Ptr<Packet> p, Ipv4Address src, Ipv4Address dst);
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::map<Ptr<Socket>, Ipv4InterfaceAddress> m_socketAddresses;
std::map<Ipv4Address, Ptr<Ipv4Route>> m_routes;
Timer m_periodicUpdateTimer;
Timer m_triggeredUpdateTimer;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif // RIP_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
Implement RIP Routing Protocol
// src/rip/model/rip-routing-protocol.cc
#include “rip-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-static-routing.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“RipRoutingProtocol”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (RipRoutingProtocol);
TypeId
RipRoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void)
{
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::RipRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName (“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<RipRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
RipRoutingProtocol::RipRoutingProtocol ()
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
}
RipRoutingProtocol::~RipRoutingProtocol ()
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << ipv4);
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
// Schedule the first periodic update
m_periodicUpdateTimer.SetFunction (&RipRoutingProtocol::SendPeriodicUpdate, this);
m_periodicUpdateTimer.Schedule (Seconds (30.0));
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << interface);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << interface);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << interface << address);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << interface << address);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::Start ()
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::Stop ()
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::SendPeriodicUpdate ()
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
// Implement the logic to send a periodic RIP update
m_periodicUpdateTimer.Schedule (Seconds (30.0));
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::SendTriggeredUpdate ()
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
// Implement the logic to send a triggered RIP update
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::HandleRipRequest (Ptr<Packet> p, Ipv4Address src, Ipv4Address dst)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << p << src << dst);
// Implement the logic to handle a RIP Request
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::HandleRipResponse (Ptr<Packet> p, Ipv4Address src, Ipv4Address dst)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << p << src << dst);
// Implement the logic to handle a RIP Response
}
Ptr<Ipv4Route>
RipRoutingProtocol::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header,
Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << p << header << oif << sockerr);
Ipv4Address dest = header.GetDestination ();
Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
if (m_routes.find (dest) != m_routes.end ())
{
route->SetDestination (dest);
route->SetOutputDevice (oif);
route->SetGateway (m_routes[dest]->GetGateway ());
return route;
}
else
{
sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
return nullptr;
}
}
bool
RipRoutingProtocol::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb,
LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << p << header << idev << ucb << mcb << lcb << ecb);
Ipv4Address dest = header.GetDestination ();
if (m_routes.find (dest) != m_routes.end ())
{
Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
route->SetDestination (dest);
route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (0)); // Example output device
route->SetGateway (m_routes[dest]->GetGateway ());
ucb (route, p, header);
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
void
RipRoutingProtocol::RecvRip (Ptr<Socket> socket)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << socket);
Ptr<Packet> packet = socket->Recv ();
Ipv4Header ipv4Header;
packet->RemoveHeader (ipv4Header);
Ipv4Address src = ipv4Header.GetSource ();
Ipv4Address dst = ipv4Header.GetDestination ();
// Check if the packet is a RIP Request or Response
uint8_t messageType;
packet->PeekHeader (messageType);
if (messageType == 1) // RIP Request
{
HandleRipRequest (packet, src, dst);
}
else if (messageType == 2) // RIP Response
{
HandleRipResponse (packet, src, dst);
}
}
} // namespace ns3
Helper Class
// src/rip/helper/rip-helper.h
#ifndef RIP_HELPER_H
#define RIP_HELPER_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-helper.h”
#include “ns3/object-factory.h”
#include “ns3/rip-routing-protocol.h”
namespace ns3 {
class RipHelper : public Ipv4RoutingHelper
{
public:
RipHelper ();
RipHelper (const RipHelper &);
RipHelper &operator= (const RipHelper &);
virtual ~RipHelper ();
virtual RipHelper* Copy (void) const;
virtual Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> Create (Ptr<Node> node) const;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif // RIP_HELPER_H
Implement Helper Class
// src/rip/helper/rip-helper.cc
#include “rip-helper.h”
#include “ns3/rip-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/node.h”
namespace ns3 {
RipHelper::RipHelper ()
{
}
RipHelper::RipHelper (const RipHelper &o)
{
}
RipHelper&
RipHelper::operator= (const RipHelper &o)
{
return *this;
}
RipHelper::~RipHelper ()
{
}
RipHelper*
RipHelper::Copy (void) const
{
return new RipHelper (*this);
}
Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol>
RipHelper::Create (Ptr<Node> node) const
{
Ptr<RipRoutingProtocol> protocol = CreateObject<RipRoutingProtocol> ();
node->AggregateObject (protocol);
return protocol;
}
} // namespace ns3
Example Simulation Script
// examples/rip-simulation.cc
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/rip-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“RipSimulation”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4);
// Create point-to-point links
PointToPointHelper p2p;
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“1Mbps”));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“10ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices01 = p2p.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1));
NetDeviceContainer devices12 = p2p.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2));
NetDeviceContainer devices23 = p2p.Install (nodes.Get (2), nodes.Get (3));
NetDeviceContainer devices30 = p2p.Install (nodes.Get (3), nodes.Get (0));
// Install the Internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
RipHelper rip;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (rip);
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces01 = address.Assign (devices01);
address.SetBase (“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces12 = address.Assign (devices12);
address.SetBase (“10.1.3.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces23 = address.Assign (devices23);
address.SetBase (“10.1.4.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces30 = address.Assign (devices30);
// Create a packet sink to receive packets
uint16_t sinkPort = 8080;
Address sinkAddress (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address (“10.1.4.1”), sinkPort));
PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper (“ns3::TcpSocketFactory”, sinkAddress);
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSinkHelper.Install (nodes.Get (3));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Create a TCP client to send packets
OnOffHelper clientHelper (“ns3::TcpSocketFactory”, sinkAddress);
clientHelper.SetAttribute(“OnTime”,StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]”));
clientHelper.SetAttribute(“OffTime”,StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]”));
clientHelper.SetAttribute (“DataRate”, DataRateValue (DataRate (“1Mbps”)));
clientHelper.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = clientHelper.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
p2p.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“rip-routing.tr”));
p2p.EnablePcapAll (“rip-routing”);
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Running the Simulation
To run the simulation, compile the script and execute it:
./waf configure –enable-examples
./waf build
./waf –run rip-simulation
At last, we had learnt to implement the Routing Information protocol in ns3 by creating the necessary classes and methods for supporting the protocols behaviour like message request and response.
Get Routing Information Protocol (RIP) project done by our developers based as per your concept.