To calculate network cost in ns3, we need to consider multiple factors that includes the cost of network resources (e.g., bandwidth, delay, energy consumption), and other metrics which depends on the specific use case.
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Here is a way to calculate a generalized network cost in ns3.
Steps for calculating network cost
- Set up the simulation :
- To simulate the network, create a network topology with nodes, protocols and links configured.
- Install applications :
- On the nodes, setup applications to generate and receive traffic.
- Trace the packets and network metrics :
- To record relevant metrics such as bandwidth usage, delay, energy consumption, etc., use ns3 tracing capabilities.
- calculate network cost :
- To determine the overall network cost, define a cost function that combines these metrics.
Example of a simple network cost calculation
Create a basic network topology and calculate a generalized network cost based on bandwidth usage and delay.
set up the simulation
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/flow-monitor-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“NetworkCostExample”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
// Create two nodes
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (2);
// Set up the point-to-point link
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
// Install link devices on nodes
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);
// Install the internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up the UDP echo server on Node 1
uint16_t port = 9; // well-known echo port number
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (port);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (1));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Set up the UDP echo client on Node 0
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (1), port);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (100));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (0.1))); // 10 packets per second
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“network-cost.tr”));
// Set up flow monitor
FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;
Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Run ();
// Calculate network cost
monitor->CheckForLostPackets ();
Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier = DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier> (flowmon.GetClassifier ());
std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats ();
double totalDelay = 0.0;
uint64_t totalPackets = 0;
uint64_t totalBytes = 0;
for (std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats>::const_iterator i = stats.begin (); i != stats.end (); ++i)
{
Ipv4FlowClassifier::FiveTuple t = classifier->FindFlow (i->first);
if (t.destinationPort == port)
{
totalDelay += i->second.delaySum.GetSeconds ();
totalPackets += i->second.txPackets;
totalBytes += i->second.txBytes;
}
}
double averageDelay = totalDelay / totalPackets;
double bandwidthUsage = (totalBytes * 8.0) / (8.0 * 10.0); // bits per second over 10 seconds
double networkCost = (averageDelay * bandwidthUsage); // Generalized network cost function
std::cout << “Total Delay: ” << totalDelay << ” seconds” << std::endl;
std::cout << “Total Packets: ” << totalPackets << std::endl;
std::cout << “Total Bytes: ” << totalBytes << ” bytes” << std::endl;
std::cout << “Average Delay: ” << averageDelay << ” seconds” << std::endl;
std::cout << “Bandwidth Usage: ” << bandwidthUsage << ” bps” << std::endl;
std::cout << “Network Cost: ” << networkCost << std::endl;
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
- Install applications
In the above example, on Node 1 a UDP echo server is installed. and on Node 0, a UDP echo client is installed. The client sends 100 packets, each 1024 bytes in size, at an interval of 0.1 seconds.
- Trace the packets and Network Metrics
To collect statistics such as delay, number of packets, and bytes transmitted, The FlowMonitor module is used.
- Calculate Network Capacity
Based on the collected metrics, network cost is calculated, which multiplies the average delay by the bandwidth usage.
Explanation
- Simulation setup :
Two nodes are created. Those nodes are connected using a point-to-point link.
- Application setup :
On Node 1, a UDP echo server is installed. and On Node 0, a UDP echo client is installed. Configure the client to send a specified number of packets at a specified interval.
- Packet tracing and Network Metrics :
To collect statistics such as delay, number of packets, and bytes transmitted, use a FlowMonitor module.
- Calculate network cost :
Define a cost function that combines these metrics to calculate the overall network cost.
On the whole, we had an analysis on calculating network cost in ns3 by considering multiple factors such as the cost of network resources (e.g., bandwidth, delay, energy consumption), and other metrics depending on the specific use case. Also, we provide an overview on Network cost.
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