To implement the autonomous network management in ns3, we have to build a network simulation in which the elements has to be adjusted their configuration in the scenarios like changing conditions, failures or performance metric. This type of network consists of dynamic routing, traffic engineering and self-healing mechanisms. In the following below, we are offering step-by-step the implementation process with an example:
Step-by-Step Implementation:
Step 1: Setup ns3 Environment
Make certain that ns3 is installed in your computer.
Step 2: Include Necessary Modules
Once installed, we have to include the essential ns3 modules in the script. Follow the below sample:
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#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/traffic-control-module.h”
#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h”
Step 3: Create the Simulation Script
- Setup Nodes and Network:
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using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“AutonomousNetworkManagementExample”)
void LinkFailureCallback (Ptr<Node> node)
{
NS_LOG_UNCOND (“Link failure detected on node: ” << node->GetId ());
// Implement autonomous recovery mechanism here
// For example, reconfigure routing or switch to a backup link
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (6);
// Create point-to-point links
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“10Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1)));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2))));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (nodes.Get (2), nodes.Get (3))));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (nodes.Get (3), nodes.Get (4))));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (nodes.Get (4), nodes.Get (5))));
// Install Internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up applications
uint16_t port = 9; // Discard port (RFC 863)
// Server application on node 5
Address serverAddress (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper (“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, serverAddress);
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSinkHelper.Install (nodes.Get (5));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (20.0));
// Client application on node 0
OnOffHelper onoff (“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address (InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (5), port)));
onoff.SetConstantRate (DataRate (“1Mbps”));
ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (nodes.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (20.0));
// Enable pcap tracing for packet capture
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll (“autonomous-network-management”);
// Enable traffic control
TrafficControlHelper tch;
tch.SetRootQueueDisc (“ns3::RedQueueDisc”);
tch.Install (devices);
// Enable flow monitor
FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;
Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll ();
// Autonomous network management: Monitor and react to link failures
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (10.0), &LinkFailureCallback, nodes.Get (2));
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (20.0));
Simulator::Run ();
// Print per-flow statistics
monitor->CheckForLostPackets ();
Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier = DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier> (flowmon.GetClassifier ());
std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats ();
for (std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats>::const_iterator i = stats.begin (); i != stats.end (); ++i)
{
Ipv4FlowClassifier::FiveTuple t = classifier->FindFlow (i->first);
std::cout << “Flow ” << i->first << ” (” << t.sourceAddress << ” -> ” << t.destinationAddress << “)\n”;
std::cout << ” Tx Bytes: ” << i->second.txBytes << “\n”;
std::cout << ” Rx Bytes: ” << i->second.rxBytes << “\n”;
std::cout << ” Tx Packets: ” << i->second.txPackets << “\n”;
std::cout << ” Rx Packets: ” << i->second.rxPackets << “\n”;
std::cout << ” Throughput: ” << i->second.rxBytes * 8.0 / (i->second.timeLastRxPacket.GetSeconds() – i->second.timeFirstTxPacket.GetSeconds()) / 1024 / 1024 << ” Mbps\n”;
}
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 4: Run the Simulation
Compile and run your simulation script:
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./waf configure
./waf build
./waf –run AutonomousNetworkManagementExample
Explanation
- Node Creation: We have to create a node that represents various devices in the network.
- Point-to-Point Links: Configure point-to-point links between nodes with specified data rates and delays.
- Internet Stack: Install the Internet stack on all nodes.
- IP Configuration: Assign IP addresses to the interfaces.
- Applications: To simulate the traffic between nodes we have to use OnOffApplication and PacketSink
- Traffic Control: With the help RedQueueDisc queue, we can allow the traffic control to shape traffic.
- Pcap Tracing: We have to captive the packets by enabling pcap tracing on the point-to-point links.
- Flow Monitor: Use the FlowMonitor module to collect and print statistics about the traffic flows.
- Link Failure Event: we have to schedule a link failure event if the link failures and to handle that we have execute a callback function.
Step 5: Implement Autonomous Recovery Mechanisms
- Dynamic Routing:
In the scenarios like link failures, we have to execute a dynamic routing protocols to prevent and mechanically reroute the traffic
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Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();
- Backup Links:
To offer redundancy and make sure that the network is available, we have to configure the backup links.
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// Example: Adding an additional backup link
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (NodeContainer (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (3))));
- Monitoring and Alerts:
To identify the failures and send notification, we can execute the monitoring tools.
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// Example of monitoring tool setup
FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;
Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll ();
// At the end of the simulation
monitor->SerializeToXmlFile (“autonomous-network-management-flowmon-results.xml”, true, true);
- Self-Healing Mechanisms:
To robotically recuperate from the failures, we can implement self-healing mechanisms.
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void LinkFailureCallback (Ptr<Node> node)
{
NS_LOG_UNCOND (“Link failure detected on node: ” << node->GetId ());
// Reconfigure routing or switch to a backup link
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::RecomputeRoutingTables ();
}
In the script, we completely learned and provided the sample of how to implement the autonomous network management in ns3 tool. Furthermore, we can offer the project execution guidance and insights of the mechanical networks and their functionalities in case if you need it.