To implement flying vehicle communication in ns3, we need to simulate a network of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) or drones. This simulation incorporates setting up wireless communication, mobility models for flying patterns, and network protocols for communication between the UAVs and with ground stations. Here are the steps to implement simple UAV communication simulation in ns3.
Steps to implementation
- Set up your ns3
Make sure that ns3 is installed in the computer. If not, install it from the official ns3 website.
- Create a new ns3 script
On your ns3 installation, create a new C++ simulation script.
- Include necessary headers
Include all the required headers in the ns3 script.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”
- Define the Network Topology
Set up the simple network topology, including nodes, devices, and links.
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“UavCommunicationExample”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create UAV nodes
NodeContainer uavNodes;
uavNodes.Create (3); // 3 UAVs for the example
// Set up Wi-Fi
YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
phy.SetChannel (channel.Create ());
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_STANDARD_80211n);
WifiMacHelper mac;
Ssid ssid = Ssid (“ns3-uav”);
mac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”, “Ssid”, SsidValue (ssid));
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, uavNodes);
// Install the internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (uavNodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set mobility
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“DeltaX”, DoubleValue (50.0),
“DeltaY”, DoubleValue (50.0),
“GridWidth”, UintegerValue (3),
“LayoutType”, StringValue (“RowFirst”));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (uavNodes);
// Set initial positions and velocities
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mob1 = uavNodes.Get(0)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
mob1->SetPosition(Vector(0.0, 0.0, 100.0));
mob1->SetVelocity(Vector(10.0, 0.0, 0.0));
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mob2 = uavNodes.Get(1)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
mob2->SetPosition(Vector(50.0, 0.0, 100.0));
mob2->SetVelocity(Vector(10.0, 10.0, 0.0));
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mob3 = uavNodes.Get(2)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
mob3->SetPosition(Vector(100.0, 0.0, 100.0));
mob3->SetVelocity(Vector(0.0, 10.0, 0.0));
// Install applications
uint16_t port = 9;
OnOffHelper onoff (“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), port));
onoff.SetAttribute (“OnTime”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]”));
onoff.SetAttribute (“OffTime”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]”));
onoff.SetAttribute (“DataRate”, DataRateValue (DataRate (“500kbps”)));
onoff.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (uavNodes.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
PacketSinkHelper sink (“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = sink.Install (uavNodes.Get (1));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (0.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable pcap tracing
phy.EnablePcap (“uav-communication”, devices.Get (0));
// Run simulation
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Explanation
- Network Topology:
Sets up a Wi-Fi ad-hoc network with three UAV nodes.
- Wi-Fi Setup:
The 802.11n standard is used in the Wi-Fi network, and the nodes are configured with UAVs for ad-hoc communication using AdhocWifiMac.
- Mobility:
Initial positions are given to the UAVs and velocities using the ConstantVelocityMobilityModel. This model allows setting a constant velocity for each UAV.
- Applications:
On the first UAV node, an OnOff application is installed to generate UDP traffic to the second UAV node. A PacketSink application is installed on the second UAV node to receive the traffic.
- PCAP Tracing:
Enable PCAP tracing to capture packets for analysis.
- Build and Run the Script
Save and build the script using the ns3 build system (waf).
./waf configure
./waf build
./waf –run uav-communication
Extending the Example
We can extend this example by including more complex scenarios, such as:
- Dynamic Mobility Models: we should use more advanced mobility models such as GaussMarkovMobilityModel or RandomWaypointMobilityModel to simulate more realistic UAV movements.
- Routing Protocols: We can implement routing protocols like AODV or OLSR to handle multi-hop communication between UAVs.
- Network Monitoring: We should use the FlowMonitor module for monitoring network performance metrics such as throughput, delay, and packet loss.
- Energy Models: Include energy models to simulate battery consumption and energy-efficient communication protocols.
Below is an example to implement the AODV routing protocol:
#include “ns3/aodv-helper.h”
// In your main function, after installing the internet stack
AodvHelper aodv;
Ipv4ListRoutingHelper list;
list.Add (aodv, 10);
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.SetRoutingHelper (list);
internet.Install (uavNodes);
Overall, we had an analysis on the implementation of flying vehicle communication using ns3 by simulating a network of UAVs or drones. Also, we provide more related information on Flying Vehicle Communication.
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