To implement the Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) in ns3, we create a custom module for handling the HWMP functionalities. All types of HWMP functionalities support can be handled by ns3simulation.com experts reach us for mere guidance.
The steps given below will guide to implement the HWMP in ns3.
Step-by-Step Guide to Implementing HWMP in ns-3
- Set Up Your Environment
Ensure that ns3 is installed and setup correctly.
- Create a New ns-3 Module
Create a new module for HWMP in the src directory of the ns3 installation. This involves creating the necessary directory structure and files.
cd ns-3.xx
cd src
mkdir -p hwmp/model
mkdir -p hwmp/helper
3. Create the HWMP Protocol Header File
Create the HWMP routing protocol header file hwmp-routing-protocol.h in the model directory.
#ifndef HWMP_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#define HWMP_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-address.h”
#include “ns3/timer.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-model.h”
#include “ns3/node.h”
#include “ns3/net-device.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h”
#include <map>
#include <vector>
namespace ns3 {
class HwmpRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol
{
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
HwmpRoutingProtocol ();
virtual ~HwmpRoutingProtocol ();
// Inherited from Ipv4RoutingProtocol
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
virtual void PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream) const;
private:
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::map<Ipv4Address, Ipv4RoutingTableEntry> m_routingTable;
void SendPREQ (Ipv4Address dest);
void SendPREP (Ipv4Address dest, Ipv4Address origin);
void SendPERR (Ipv4Address dest);
Ptr<NetDevice> GetNetDevice (uint32_t interface);
Ptr<MobilityModel> GetMobilityModel (Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice);
Ipv4Address GetNextHop (Ipv4Address dest);
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* HWMP_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H */
4. Create the HWMP Protocol Source File
Create the HWMP routing protocol source file hwmp-routing-protocol.cc in the model directory.
#include “hwmp-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-route.h”
#include “ns3/simulator.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“HwmpRoutingProtocol”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (HwmpRoutingProtocol);
TypeId
HwmpRoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void)
{
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::HwmpRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName(“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<HwmpRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
HwmpRoutingProtocol::HwmpRoutingProtocol ()
{
}
HwmpRoutingProtocol::~HwmpRoutingProtocol ()
{
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4)
{
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
}
Ptr<NetDevice>
HwmpRoutingProtocol::GetNetDevice (uint32_t interface)
{
return m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (interface);
}
Ptr<MobilityModel>
HwmpRoutingProtocol::GetMobilityModel (Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice)
{
return netDevice->GetNode ()->GetObject<MobilityModel> ();
}
Ipv4Address
HwmpRoutingProtocol::GetNextHop (Ipv4Address dest)
{
if (m_routingTable.find(dest) != m_routingTable.end())
{
return m_routingTable[dest].GetGateway();
}
return Ipv4Address::GetBroadcast ();
}
Ptr<Ipv4Route>
HwmpRoutingProtocol::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr)
{
Ipv4Address dest = header.GetDestination ();
Ipv4Address nextHop = GetNextHop (dest);
if (nextHop == Ipv4Address::GetBroadcast ())
{
SendPREQ (dest);
sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
return nullptr;
}
Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
route->SetDestination (dest);
route->SetGateway (nextHop);
route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (nextHop)));
return route;
}
bool
HwmpRoutingProtocol::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb)
{
Ipv4Address dest = header.GetDestination ();
Ipv4Address nextHop = GetNextHop (dest);
if (nextHop == Ipv4Address::GetBroadcast ())
{
SendPREQ (dest);
ecb (p, header, Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST);
return false;
}
Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
route->SetDestination (dest);
route->SetGateway (nextHop);
route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (nextHop)));
ucb (route, p, header);
return true;
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::SendPREQ (Ipv4Address dest)
{
// Implementation of PREQ packet sending
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << dest);
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::SendPREP (Ipv4Address dest, Ipv4Address origin)
{
// Implementation of PREP packet sending
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << dest << origin);
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::SendPERR (Ipv4Address dest)
{
// Implementation of PERR packet sending
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << dest);
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface)
{
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface)
{
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
{
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
{
}
void
HwmpRoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream) const
{
*stream->GetStream () << “HWMP Routing Table” << std::endl;
for (auto const &entry : m_routingTable)
{
*stream->GetStream () << entry.first << ” -> ” << entry.second.GetGateway () << ” via ” << entry.second.GetInterface () << std::endl;
}
}
} // namespace ns3
5. Define HWMP Helper
Create the HWMP helper header file hwmp-helper.h in the helper directory.
#ifndef HWMP_HELPER_H
#define HWMP_HELPER_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-helper.h”
#include “hwmp-routing-protocol.h”
namespace ns3 {
class HwmpHelper : public Ipv4RoutingHelper
{
public:
HwmpHelper ();
virtual ~HwmpHelper ();
HwmpHelper* Copy (void) const;
virtual Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> Create (Ptr<Node> node) const;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* HWMP_HELPER_H */
Create the HWMP helper source file hwmp-helper.cc in the helper directory.
#include “hwmp-helper.h”
#include “ns3/node.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
namespace ns3 {
HwmpHelper::HwmpHelper ()
{
}
HwmpHelper::~HwmpHelper ()
{
}
HwmpHelper*
HwmpHelper::Copy (void) const
{
return new HwmpHelper (*this);
}
Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol>
HwmpHelper::Create (Ptr<Node> node) const
{
Ptr<HwmpRoutingProtocol> hwmpRouting = CreateObject<HwmpRoutingProtocol> ();
node->AggregateObject (hwmpRouting);
return hwmpRouting;
}
} // namespace ns3
6. Update CMakeLists.txt
Add the new HWMP module to the ns3 build system. Edit src/CMakeLists.txt and add the following line:
add_subdirectory (hwmp)
Create src/hwmp/CMakeLists.txt with the following content:
ns3_add_library (hwmp
model/hwmp-routing-protocol.cc
helper/hwmp-helper.cc
)
target_link_libraries (hwmp)
7. Set Up the Network Topology
Create a simulation script in the scratch directory to use the HWMP protocol.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “hwmp-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (10);
// Set up WiFi
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
// Set up mobility model
MobilityHelper mobility;
Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> random = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable> ();
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MaxX”, DoubleValue (100.0),
“MaxY”, DoubleValue (100.0));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,
“Speed”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=20.0]”),
“Pause”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),
“PositionAllocator”,StringValue (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator[MinX=0.0|MinY=0.0|MaxX=100.0|MaxY=100.0]”));
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Install the internet stack on nodes
InternetStackHelper stack;
HwmpHelper hwmp;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (hwmp);
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses to the devices
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (9));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (9), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“hwmp-simulation.tr”));
wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll (“hwmp-simulation”);
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
8. Build and Run the Simulation
After writing the script, we need to build and run it.
./waf build
./waf –run scratch/hwmp-simulation
9. Analyze the Results
After running the simulation, we can analyze the results using the generated trace files (hwmp-simulation.tr and hwmp-simulation-0-0.pcap).
Complete Example Script for HWMP Protocol
Here’s a complete example script for reference:
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “hwmp-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (10);
// Set up WiFi
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
// Set up mobility model
MobilityHelper mobility;
Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> random = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable> ();
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MaxX”, DoubleValue (100.0),
“MaxY”, DoubleValue (100.0));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,
“Speed”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=20.0]”),
“Pause”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),
“PositionAllocator”,StringValue (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator[MinX=0.0|MinY=0.0|MaxX=100.0|MaxY=100.0]”));
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Install the internet stack on nodes
InternetStackHelper stack;
HwmpHelper hwmp;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (hwmp);
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses to the devices
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (9));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (9), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“hwmp-simulation.tr”));
wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll (“hwmp-simulation”);
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Atlast, we had concluded that Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) can be implemented by creating a custom module to handle the HWMP functionalities on the simulation process.
If you face any difficulties in HWMP programming then approach us for best results.