To implement Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in ns3, we need to create a simulation environment in which that with the help of realistic orbital mechanics and network communication capabilities model LEO satellites.
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The following steps will guide on how to setup a basic simulation of a LEO satellite network in ns3.
Step-by-step guide to implement LEO satellite network in ns3:
Step 1: Setup ns3 Environment
Make sure that ns3 installed and properly configured.
git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git
cd ns-3-dev
./waf configure
./waf build
Step 2: Create the LEO Satellite Simulation Script
We will create a script that sets up LEO satellites, configures their mobility, and simulates data transmission between them and ground stations.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“LeoSatelliteExample”);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
// Create satellite nodes
NodeContainer satelliteNodes;
satelliteNodes.Create(3); // Three LEO satellites
// Create ground station nodes
NodeContainer groundStationNodes;
groundStationNodes.Create(1); // One ground station
// Set up point-to-point links representing satellite links
PointToPointHelper p2p;
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Gbps”));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“20ms”)); // Optical link delay for inter-satellite
NetDeviceContainer satelliteDevices;
satelliteDevices = p2p.Install(satelliteNodes.Get(0), satelliteNodes.Get(1));
satelliteDevices.Add(p2p.Install(satelliteNodes.Get(1), satelliteNodes.Get(2)));
// Set up point-to-point link for ground station to satellite
p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“40ms”)); // Higher delay for ground to satellite
NetDeviceContainer groundDevices = p2p.Install(groundStationNodes.Get(0), satelliteNodes.Get(0));
// Install the internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(satelliteNodes);
stack.Install(groundStationNodes);
// Assign IP addresses to the satellite links
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer satelliteInterfaces = address.Assign(satelliteDevices);
address.SetBase(“10.2.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer groundInterfaces = address.Assign(groundDevices);
// Set up mobility model for satellites in LEO
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install(satelliteNodes.Get(0));
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> pos0 = satelliteNodes.Get(0)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
pos0->SetPosition(Vector(0.0, 0.0, 500.0));
pos0->SetVelocity(Vector(0.0, 7.5, 0.0));
mobility.Install(satelliteNodes.Get(1));
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> pos1 = satelliteNodes.Get(1)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
pos1->SetPosition(Vector(1000.0, 0.0, 500.0));
pos1->SetVelocity(Vector(0.0, 7.5, 0.0));
mobility.Install(satelliteNodes.Get(2));
Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> pos2 = satelliteNodes.Get(2)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();
pos2->SetPosition(Vector(2000.0, 0.0, 500.0));
pos2->SetVelocity(Vector(0.0, 7.5, 0.0));
// Set up mobility for ground station (fixed)
mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install(groundStationNodes.Get(0));
Ptr<ConstantPositionMobilityModel> posGround = groundStationNodes.Get(0)->GetObject<ConstantPositionMobilityModel>();
posGround->SetPosition(Vector(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
// Install applications to generate traffic
uint16_t port = 9;
// Ground station will send data to Satellite 2
OnOffHelperonoff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address(InetSocketAddress(satelliteInterfaces.GetAddress(2), port)));
onoff.SetConstantRate(DataRate(“500Mbps”));
ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install(groundStationNodes.Get(0));
apps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Install packet sink on Satellite 2 to receive packets
PacketSinkHelpersink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address(InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port)));
apps = sink.Install(satelliteNodes.Get(2));
apps.Start(Seconds(0.0));
apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Enable FlowMonitor to measure performance metrics
FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;
Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));
Simulator::Run();
// Print per-flow statistics
monitor->CheckForLostPackets();
Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier>classifier = DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier>(flowmon.GetClassifier());
std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats();
for (std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats>::const_iterator i = stats.begin(); i != stats.end(); ++i)
{
Ipv4FlowClassifier::FiveTuple t = classifier->FindFlow(i->first);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Flow ” << i->first << ” (” << t.sourceAddress << ” -> ” << t.destinationAddress << “)”);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Tx Packets: ” << i->second.txPackets);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Tx Bytes: ” << i->second.txBytes);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Rx Packets: ” << i->second.rxPackets);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Rx Bytes: ” << i->second.rxBytes);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Lost Packets: ” << i->second.lostPackets);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Throughput: ” << i->second.rxBytes * 8.0 / (i->second.timeLastRxPacket.GetSeconds() – i->second.timeFirstTxPacket.GetSeconds()) / 1024 / 1024 << ” Mbps”);
}
// Clean up
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Step 3: Compile and Run the Simulation
- Compile the Simulation:
./waf configure –enable-examples
./waf build
Run the Simulation:
./waf –run scratch/leo-satellite-example
Step 4: Analyze Results
The simulation script sets up a LEO satellite network with ground stations and simulates data transmission. FlowMonitor is used to collect and print out statistics about the traffic flows, such as packet loss, throughput, and delay.
Additional Considerations
To extend the functionality of your LEO satellite network simulation, consider the following:
1. Advanced Mobility Models
Implement more realistic mobility models to simulate the actual orbits of LEO satellites, including circular and elliptical trajectories.
2. Dynamic Routing
Integrate dynamic routing protocols to manage the changing topology of a satellite network as satellites move.
3. Fault Tolerance
Implement fault tolerance mechanisms to handle link failures and satellite outages, ensuring continuous communication.
4. Traffic Patterns
Simulate different types of traffic patterns, such as VoIP, video streaming, and bulk data transfer, to study their impact on the network.
5. Quality of Service (QoS)
Implement QoS mechanisms to prioritize certain types of traffic and ensure that critical data flows receive the necessary bandwidth and low latency.
6. Performance Metrics
Collect and analyze additional metrics such as jitter, packet delay variation, and error rates to evaluate the network performance more comprehensively.
On the conclusion we had learnt about the implementation process of Low earth orbit satellite in ns3 which involves creating a simulation environment in that LEO satellites are modelled and using the mobility model the simulation process executed.