To implement MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) routing in ns3, we need to follow several steps. It requires multiple antennas to improve communication performance by setting up the antennas at both side in transmitter and receiver. Here we can use a MIMO model which is present in Wi-Fi module provided by ns3.
Below given steps will guide on how to implement MIMO routing in ns3.
Step-by-step guide to implement MIMO routing in ns3:
Step 1: Set Up the ns3 Environment
- Install ns-3: Make sure that ns3 is installed on the system.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ns3
Create a New ns-3 Project: Create a directory for the new project within the ns3 workspace.
cd ns-3
mkdir scratch/mimo-routing
Step 2: Configure MIMO in ns3
- Set Up the Wi-Fi PHY and MAC Layer for MIMO: Configure the Wi-Fi PHY and MAC layer to use MIMO. We need to set the number of antennas and the MIMO mode.
// MimoRouting.cc
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“MimoRoutingExample”);
void ConfigureMimo (Ptr<WifiPhy> phy) {
phy->Set (“Antennas”, UintegerValue (2)); // Set the number of antennas
phy->Set (“MaxSupportedTxSpatialStreams”, UintegerValue (2));
phy->Set (“MaxSupportedRxSpatialStreams”, UintegerValue (2));
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4);
YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
phy.SetChannel (channel.Create ());
phy.SetPcapDataLinkType (WifiPhyHelper::DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO);
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetRemoteStationManager (“ns3::AarfWifiManager”);
WifiMacHelper mac;
Ssid ssid = Ssid (“ns-3-ssid”);
mac.SetType (“ns3::StaWifiMac”, “Ssid”, SsidValue (ssid), “ActiveProbing”, BooleanValue (false));
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“DeltaX”, DoubleValue (5.0),
“DeltaY”, DoubleValue (10.0),
“GridWidth”, UintegerValue (3),
“LayoutType”, StringValue (“RowFirst”));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (nodes);
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (0));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (0), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps;
for (uint32_t i = 1; i < nodes.GetN (); ++i) {
clientApps.Add (echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (i)));
}
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 3: Integrate MIMO with a Routing Protocol
- Create a Routing Protocol Class: Define a new routing protocol class that takes MIMO into account.
// MimoRoutingProtocol.h
#ifndef MIMO_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#define MIMO_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h”
#include “ns3/timer.h”
#include <map>
#include <vector>
namespace ns3 {
class MimoRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
MimoRoutingProtocol ();
virtual ~MimoRoutingProtocol ();
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
virtual void PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, Time::Unit unit = Time::S) const;
private:
void DiscoverRoute (Ipv4Address dst);
double CalculateLinkQuality (Ptr<NetDevice> device);
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::map<Ipv4Address, Ipv4RoutingTableEntry> m_routes;
Timer m_routeDiscoveryTimer;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif // MIMO_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
// MimoRoutingProtocol.cc
#include “MimoRoutingProtocol.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-l3-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-phy.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“MimoRoutingProtocol”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (MimoRoutingProtocol);
TypeId MimoRoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void) {
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::MimoRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName (“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<MimoRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
MimoRoutingProtocol::MimoRoutingProtocol () {
m_routeDiscoveryTimer.SetFunction (&MimoRoutingProtocol::DiscoverRoute, this);
m_routeDiscoveryTimer.Schedule (Seconds (5.0)); // Example periodic interval for route discovery
}
MimoRoutingProtocol::~MimoRoutingProtocol () {}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4) {
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface) {}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface) {}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {}
Ptr<Ipv4Route> MimoRoutingProtocol::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) {
Ipv4Address dst = header.GetDestination ();
// Check if a route exists in the routing table
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
Ptr<Ipv4Route> ipv4Route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
ipv4Route->SetDestination (route.GetDest ());
ipv4Route->SetGateway (route.GetGateway ());
ipv4Route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (route.GetInterface ()));
ipv4Route->SetSource (route.GetSource ());
return ipv4Route;
}
// If no route exists, discover a route
DiscoverRoute (dst);
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
Ptr<Ipv4Route> ipv4Route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
ipv4Route->SetDestination (route.GetDest ());
ipv4Route->SetGateway (route.GetGateway ());
ipv4Route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (route.GetInterface ()));
ipv4Route->SetSource (route.GetSource ());
return ipv4Route;
}
sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
return 0;
}
bool MimoRoutingProtocol::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb) {
Ipv4Address dst = header.GetDestination ();
// Check if the packet is for this node
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_ipv4->GetNInterfaces (); i++) {
for (uint32_t j = 0; j < m_ipv4->GetNAddresses (i); j++) {
if (m_ipv4->GetAddress (i, j).GetLocal () == dst) {
lcb (p, header, i);
return true;
}
}
}
// Check if a route exists in the routing table
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
ucb (route, p, header);
return true;
}
return false;
}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, Time::Unit unit) const {
*stream->GetStream () << “MIMO Routing Table:\n”;
for (auto &route : m_routes) {
route.second.Print (stream);
}
}
void MimoRoutingProtocol::DiscoverRoute (Ipv4Address dst) {
// Implement route discovery logic here
// Example: Send route request packets and wait for replies
}
double MimoRoutingProtocol::CalculateLinkQuality (Ptr<NetDevice> device) {
Ptr<WifiNetDevice> wifiDevice = DynamicCast<WifiNetDevice> (device);
Ptr<WifiPhy> phy = wifiDevice->GetPhy ();
double snr = phy->GetLastSnr ();
return snr; // Example link quality metric based on SNR
}
} // namespace ns3
Step 4: Integrate the MIMO Routing Protocol in a Simulation
- Create a New Simulation Script: Create a new script in the scratch directory to use the MIMO routing protocol.
// mimo-routing.cc
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “MimoRoutingProtocol.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“MimoRoutingExample”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4);
YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
phy.SetChannel (channel.Create ());
phy.SetPcapDataLinkType (WifiPhyHelper::DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO);
ConfigureMimo (phy);
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetRemoteStationManager (“ns3::AarfWifiManager”);
WifiMacHelper mac;
Ssid ssid = Ssid (“ns-3-ssid”);
mac.SetType (“ns3::StaWifiMac”, “Ssid”, SsidValue (ssid), “ActiveProbing”, BooleanValue (false));
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
Ptr<MimoRoutingProtocol> mimoRouting = CreateObject<MimoRoutingProtocol> ();
stack.SetRoutingHelper (mimoRouting);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“DeltaX”, DoubleValue (5.0),
“DeltaY”, DoubleValue (10.0),
“GridWidth”, UintegerValue (3),
“LayoutType”, StringValue (“RowFirst”));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (nodes);
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (0));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (0), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps;
for (uint32_t i = 1; i < nodes.GetN (); ++i) {
clientApps.Add (echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (i)));
}
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 5: Compile and Run the Simulation
- Compile the Script: Compile the script using the waf build system.
./waf build
Run the Simulation: Run the simulation script and observe the results.
./waf –run scratch/mimo-routing
Step 6: Enable Tracing and Analyze Results
- Enable Tracing: Add tracing to collect data for analysis.
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
phy.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“mimo-routing.tr”));
Run the Simulation: Set the simulation stop time and run it.
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
Step 7: Analyze the Results
After running the simulation, analyze the generated trace files (mimo-routing.tr) to study the routing behavior and performance.
Over all, we had concluded the step and required terms involved in implementing the MIMO routing by setting up the Wi-Fi PHY and MAC layer for MIMO, integrating MIMO with routing protocol and last enabling the tracing for analyzing the result.
If you need help with MIMO Routing in ns3 simulation, just shoot us a message! We’ve got some great networking comparison analyses to share, and we can help you get the best simulation results. Plus, we’re working with the MIMO model in the Wi-Fi module of ns3, so we can definitely assist with your projects.