Proactive routing protocols are also recognized as Table-driven protocols. It maintains up-to-date routing information in network on all the nodes at all times. There are some implementation for proactive routing protocol in ns3 which includes OLSR (Optimized Link State Router) and DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector).
Here we will look into the samples of both implementation that includes OLSR and DSDV protocols in ns3.
Steps for implementing OLSR protocol in ns3
- Create a new ns3 script
On your ns3 installation, create a new simulation script in the scratch directory. For Example, you can create a file named olsr-simulation.cc.
cd ns-3.xx
cd scratch
touch olsr-simulation.cc
- Include the necessary header files
In the olsr-simulation.cc file, create the necessary header files for your simulation.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/olsr-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
- Set the network topology
Set the network topology by creating the basic topology that contains three nodes which are connected in a line and utilizes the OLSR as its routing protocol.
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (3);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2)));
InternetStackHelper stack;
OlsrHelper olsr;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (olsr);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices.Get (0));
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (1)));
address.SetBase (“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (2)));
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (2));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (2), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Steps for implementing DSDV protocol in ns3
- Create a new ns3 script
On your ns3 installation, create a new simulation script in the scratch directory. For Example, you can create a file named dsdv-simulation.cc.
cd ns-3.xx
cd scratch
touch dsdv-simulation.cc
- Include the necessary header files
In the dsdv-simulation.cc file, create the necessary header files for your simulation.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/dsdv-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
- Set the network topology
Set the network topology by creating the basic topology that contains three nodes which are connected in a line and utilizes the DSDV as its routing protocol.
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (3);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2)));
InternetStackHelper stack;
DsdvHelper dsdv;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (dsdv);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices.Get (0));
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (1)));
address.SetBase (“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (2)));
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (2));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (2), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
- Build and run the simulation
Build and run your script after writing.
./waf build
./waf –run scratch/olsr-simulation
# or
./waf –run scratch/dsdv-simulation
- Analyze the results
You can analyze the results based on your needs after running the simulation. Also, you can add logging or tracing to observe the behavior of the OLSR and DSDV protocol.
Complete example scripts
OLSR example script :
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/olsr-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (3);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2)));
InternetStackHelper stack;
OlsrHelper olsr;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (olsr);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices.Get (0));
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (1)));
address.SetBase (“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (2)));
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (2));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (2), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
DSDV Example Script :
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/dsdv-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (3);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1));
devices.Add (pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2)));
InternetStackHelper stack;
DsdvHelper dsdv;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (dsdv);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices.Get (0));
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (1)));
address.SetBase (“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
interfaces.Add (address.Assign (devices.Get (2)));
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (2));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (2), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Overall, we had learned on implementing proactive routing protocols by simulating OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) and DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) which maintains up-to-date routing information. Also, we provide more related and detailed explanation on proactive routing protocols. All types of OLSR and DSDV protocols in ns3 are worked by us.