To implement the radio fingerprinting in ns3 has encompasses to emulate the process of capturing unique features of radio signals communicated by various devices. Radio fingerprinting is usually found the devices based on their radio frequency (RF) signal characteristics. Here is the step by procedures on how to implement the version of radio fingerprinting in ns3:
Step-by-Step Implementation:
Step 1: Set up Your ns3 Environment
Make sure ns3 is installed in the computer.
Step 2: Create a New Simulation Script
Create a new simulation script in the scratch directory of your ns-3 installation. For example, create a file named radio_fingerprinting.cc.
Step 3: Include Necessary Headers
Include the necessary ns3 headers at the beginning of your script. Here’s an example:
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
Step 4: Define Radio Fingerprinting Logic
Implement the radio fingerprinting logic as part of a new application or within existing network layers. For simplicity, let’s add a basic function to capture and log the signal characteristics of transmitted packets.
class RadioFingerprintingApp : public Application
{
public:
RadioFingerprintingApp();
virtual ~RadioFingerprintingApp();
void Setup(Ptr<Node> node);
void CaptureFingerprint(Ptr<Packet> packet, WifiTxVector txVector);
private:
virtual void StartApplication() override;
virtual void StopApplication() override;
void TransmitPacket();
void ReceivePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket);
Ptr<Node> m_node;
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
bool m_running;
EventId m_sendEvent;
uint32_t m_packetSize;
uint32_t m_packetsSent;
Time m_interval;
void LogFingerprint(uint32_t nodeId, uint32_t packetSize, WifiTxVector txVector);
};
RadioFingerprintingApp::RadioFingerprintingApp()
: m_node(0), m_socket(0), m_running(false), m_packetSize(1024), m_packetsSent(0), m_interval(Seconds(1.0))
{
}
RadioFingerprintingApp::~RadioFingerprintingApp()
{
m_socket = 0;
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::Setup(Ptr<Node> node)
{
m_node = node;
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::StartApplication()
{
m_running = true;
m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket(m_node, TypeId::LookupByName(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”));
m_socket->Bind();
m_socket->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&RadioFingerprintingApp::ReceivePacket, this));
TransmitPacket();
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::StopApplication()
{
m_running = false;
if (m_sendEvent.IsRunning())
{
Simulator::Cancel(m_sendEvent);
}
if (m_socket)
{
m_socket->Close();
}
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::TransmitPacket()
{
Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet>(m_packetSize);
WifiTxVector txVector; // Simulate different transmission characteristics
txVector.SetTxPowerLevel(1);
txVector.SetTxRate(5000000);
CaptureFingerprint(packet, txVector);
m_socket->Send(packet);
if (++m_packetsSent < 10) // Transmit 10 packets for the sake of this example
{
ScheduleTx();
}
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::ScheduleTx()
{
if (m_running)
{
m_sendEvent = Simulator::Schedule(m_interval, &RadioFingerprintingApp::TransmitPacket, this);
}
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::ReceivePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket)
{
Ptr<Packet> packet;
while ((packet = socket->Recv()))
{
NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Received packet of size: ” << packet->GetSize());
}
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::CaptureFingerprint(Ptr<Packet> packet, WifiTxVector txVector)
{
LogFingerprint(m_node->GetId(), packet->GetSize(), txVector);
}
void RadioFingerprintingApp::LogFingerprint(uint32_t nodeId, uint32_t packetSize, WifiTxVector txVector)
{
NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Node ” << nodeId << ” transmitted packet of size ” << packetSize << ” with TxPowerLevel ” << txVector.GetTxPowerLevel() << ” and TxRate ” << txVector.GetTxRate());
}
Step 5: Integrate the Application into Your Simulation
Instantiate the RadioFingerprintingApp application in your main simulation script and attach it to the nodes in your network.
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(2);
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211g);
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();
wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install(nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);
// Create and setup RadioFingerprintingApp on the nodes
Ptr<RadioFingerprintingApp> app1 = CreateObject<RadioFingerprintingApp>();
app1->Setup(nodes.Get(0));
nodes.Get(0)->AddApplication(app1);
app1->SetStartTime(Seconds(1.0));
app1->SetStopTime(Seconds(10.0));
Ptr<RadioFingerprintingApp> app2 = CreateObject<RadioFingerprintingApp>();
app2->Setup(nodes.Get(1));
nodes.Get(1)->AddApplication(app2);
app2->SetStartTime(Seconds(1.0));
app2->SetStopTime(Seconds(10.0));
Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Step 6: Compile and Run Your Simulation
Compile your simulation script using waf:
./waf configure
./waf build
./waf –run scratch/radio_fingerprinting
Step 7: Analyze the Output
Analyze the log output to ensure that radio fingerprints are being captured and logged. The LogFingerprint function will output the unique characteristics of each transmitted packet.
Overall, we had implemented the radio fingerprinting to analyse their performance in ns3 implementation tool .
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