To implement the routing protocols design in ns3 have numerous steps that encompasses to describe the protocol features and that incorporated with ns3 network stack and that were validated in the simulation. The given below are detailed procedures on how to implement the routing protocol design in ns3:
Step-by-Step Implementation:
Step 1: Set Up the ns3 Environment
- Install ns3: Make certain ns3 is installed in the system.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ns3
Create a New ns3 Project: Create a directory for your new project within the ns3 workspace.
cd ns-3
mkdir scratch/custom-routing
Step 2: Define the Routing Protocol
- Create the Routing Protocol Class: Define a new routing protocol class that implements your routing algorithm.
// CustomRoutingProtocol.h
#ifndef CUSTOM_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#define CUSTOM_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h”
#include “ns3/timer.h”
#include <map>
#include <vector>
namespace ns3 {
class CustomRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
CustomRoutingProtocol ();
virtual ~CustomRoutingProtocol ();
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
virtual void PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, Time::Unit unit = Time::S) const;
private:
void DiscoverRoute (Ipv4Address dst);
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::map<Ipv4Address, Ipv4RoutingTableEntry> m_routes;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif // CUSTOM_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
// CustomRoutingProtocol.cc
#include “CustomRoutingProtocol.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-l3-protocol.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“CustomRoutingProtocol”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (CustomRoutingProtocol);
TypeId CustomRoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void) {
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::CustomRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName (“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<CustomRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
CustomRoutingProtocol::CustomRoutingProtocol () {}
CustomRoutingProtocol::~CustomRoutingProtocol () {}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4) {
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface) {}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface) {}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {}
Ptr<Ipv4Route> CustomRoutingProtocol::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) {
Ipv4Address dst = header.GetDestination ();
// Check if a route exists in the routing table
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
Ptr<Ipv4Route> ipv4Route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
ipv4Route->SetDestination (route.GetDest ());
ipv4Route->SetGateway (route.GetGateway ());
ipv4Route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (route.GetInterface ()));
ipv4Route->SetSource (route.GetSource ());
return ipv4Route;
}
// If no route exists, discover a route
DiscoverRoute (dst);
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
Ptr<Ipv4Route> ipv4Route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
ipv4Route->SetDestination (route.GetDest ());
ipv4Route->SetGateway (route.GetGateway ());
ipv4Route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (route.GetInterface ()));
ipv4Route->SetSource (route.GetSource ());
return ipv4Route;
}
sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
return 0;
}
bool CustomRoutingProtocol::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb) {
Ipv4Address dst = header.GetDestination ();
// Check if the packet is for this node
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_ipv4->GetNInterfaces (); i++) {
for (uint32_t j = 0; j < m_ipv4->GetNAddresses (i); j++) {
if (m_ipv4->GetAddress (i, j).GetLocal () == dst) {
lcb (p, header, i);
return true;
}
}
}
// Check if a route exists in the routing table
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
ucb (route, p, header);
return true;
}
// If no route exists, discover a route
DiscoverRoute (dst);
if (m_routes.find (dst) != m_routes.end ()) {
Ipv4RoutingTableEntry route = m_routes[dst];
ucb (route, p, header);
return true;
}
return false;
}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, Time::Unit unit) const {
*stream->GetStream () << “Custom Routing Table:\n”;
for (auto &route : m_routes) {
route.second.Print (stream);
}
}
void CustomRoutingProtocol::DiscoverRoute (Ipv4Address dst) {
// Implement route discovery logic here
}
} // namespace ns3
Step 3: Integrate the Routing Protocol in a Simulation
- Create a New Simulation Script: Create a new script in your scratch directory to use the custom routing protocol.
// custom-routing.cc
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “CustomRoutingProtocol.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“CustomRoutingExample”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
Ptr<CustomRoutingProtocol> customRouting = CreateObject<CustomRoutingProtocol> ();
stack.SetRoutingHelper (customRouting);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (3));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (3), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 4: Compile and Run the Simulation
- Compile the Script: Compile your script using the waf build system.
./waf build
Run the Simulation: Run your simulation script and observe the results.
./waf –run scratch/custom-routing
Step 5: Enable Tracing and Analyse Results
- Enable Tracing: Add tracing to collect data for analysis.
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“custom-routing.tr”));
Run the Simulation: Set the simulation stop time and run it.
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
Step 6: Analyse the Results
After running the simulation, analyse the generated trace files (custom-routing.tr) to study the routing behaviour and performance.
Overall, we had analysed the performance for routing protocols design in ns3 framework and further we offer and support all kinds of routing protocols design that adapts in different scenarios.
Project concepts associated with the design of Routing Protocols in the ns3 tool are offered by us. Delve into implementation strategies accompanied by in-depth discussions for your project.