How to Implement UAV based VANET in ns3

To Implement a UAV-based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) in ns-3 by setting up a network where UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) assist in the communication between vehicles. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network simulation and projects are carried on well by us. This can also perform tasks such as relaying messages, providing connectivity, and enhancing network performance in areas with poor coverage.

 The steps given below will guide to set up a basic UAV-based VANET scenario in ns-3:

Step-by-Step Guide to Implement UAV-Based VANET in ns-3

1. Set Up Your Development Environment

1. Install ns-3:
   • Follow the official ns-3 installation guide.
2. Install Required Modules:
   • Ensure you have all necessary ns-3 modules installed, such as Internet, Mobility, WiFi, and Applications modules.

2. Create a Basic UAV-Based VANET Simulation Script

Here’s an example script to set up a basic UAV-based VANET scenario using ns-3:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“UavVanetExample”);

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

  // Set simulation parameters

  double simTime = 60.0; // Simulation time in seconds

  uint32_t numVehicles = 10;

  uint32_t numUavs = 3;

  double distance = 100.0; // Distance between nodes

  CommandLine cmd;

  cmd.AddValue(“simTime”, “Simulation time”, simTime);

  cmd.AddValue(“numVehicles”, “Number of vehicle nodes”, numVehicles);

  cmd.AddValue(“numUavs”, “Number of UAV nodes”, numUavs);

  cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

  // Create nodes

  NodeContainer vehicleNodes;

  vehicleNodes.Create(numVehicles);

  NodeContainer uavNodes;

  uavNodes.Create(numUavs);

  // Set up Wi-Fi

  WifiHelper wifi;

  wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211p);

  YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

  YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

  wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

  WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

  wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

  NetDeviceContainer vehicleDevices;

  vehicleDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, vehicleNodes);

  NetDeviceContainer uavDevices;

  uavDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, uavNodes);

  // Install the Internet stack on all nodes

  InternetStackHelper internet;

  internet.Install(vehicleNodes);

  internet.Install(uavNodes);

  // Assign IP addresses to devices

  Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

  ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

  Ipv4InterfaceContainer vehicleInterfaces = ipv4.Assign(vehicleDevices);

  Ipv4InterfaceContainer uavInterfaces = ipv4.Assign(uavDevices);

  // Set up mobility for vehicles

  MobilityHelper vehicleMobility;

  vehicleMobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

                                “X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=1000.0]”),

                                “Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”));

  vehicleMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

  vehicleMobility.Install(vehicleNodes);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vehicleNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

    Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>mobility=vehicleNodes.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

    mobility->SetVelocity(Vector(20.0, 0.0, 0.0)); // Set speed to 20 m/s

  }

  // Set up mobility for UAVs

  MobilityHelper uavMobility;

  uavMobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

                                   “MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

                                   “MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

                                   “DeltaX”, DoubleValue(distance),

                                   “DeltaY”, DoubleValue(distance),

                                   “GridWidth”, UintegerValue(3),

                                   “LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

  uavMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

  uavMobility.Install(uavNodes);

  // Create applications

  uint16_t port = 9;

  // Install a UDP echo server on the first vehicle node

  UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(port);

  ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(vehicleNodes.Get(0));

  serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

  serverApp.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

  // Install a UDP echo client on the last vehicle node

  UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(vehicleInterfaces.GetAddress(0), port);

  echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));

  echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

  echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

  ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(vehicleNodes.Get(numVehicles – 1));

  clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

  clientApp.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

  // Enable Flow Monitor

  FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

  Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

  // Enable tracing

  wifiPhy.EnablePcap(“uav-vanet-example”, vehicleDevices.Get(0));

  // Run the simulation

  Simulator::Stop(Seconds(simTime));

  Simulator::Run();

  // Print flow monitor statistics

  monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“uav-vanet-flowmon.xml”, true, true);

  Simulator::Destroy();

  return 0;

}

Explanation of the Script

Here we have explained about the basic concept of the script for implementing UAV- based (VANET) in ns-3:

1. Include Necessary Headers:
   • Include headers for ns-3 core, network, internet, wifi, mobility, applications, and flow monitor modules.
2. Set Simulation Parameters:
   • Define the simulation time, number of vehicle and UAV nodes, and distance between nodes.
3. Create Nodes:
   • Create nodes for vehicles and UAVs using NodeContainer.
4. Set Up Wi-Fi:
   • Configure the Wi-Fi network using WifiHelper, YansWifiChannelHelper, YansWifiPhyHelper, and WifiMacHelper.
5. Install Internet Stack:
   • Install the Internet stack on the vehicle and UAV nodes using InternetStackHelper.
6. Assign IP Addresses:
   • Assign IP addresses to the vehicle and UAV devices using Ipv4AddressHelper.
7. Set Up Mobility:
   • Define the mobility models for vehicle and UAV nodes using MobilityHelper.
   • For vehicles, use ConstantVelocityMobilityModel to simulate movement.
   • For UAVs, use ConstantPositionMobilityModel to simulate fixed positions (you can modify this to simulate UAV movement if needed).
8. Create Applications:
   • Install a UDP echo server on the first vehicle node and a UDP echo client on the last vehicle node to simulate communication.
9. Enable Flow Monitor:
   • Install and configure the Flow Monitor to collect and analyze network performance statistics.
10. Enable Tracing:
    • Enable pcap tracing to capture packet traces for analysis.
11. Run the Simulation:
    • Set the simulation stop time, run the simulation, print flow monitor statistics, and clean up using Simulator::Stop, Simulator::Run, and Simulator::Destroy.

Further Enhancements

1. Dynamic UAV Movement:
   • Implement dynamic mobility models for UAVs to simulate their movement and interaction with vehicles.
2. Different Network Topologies:
   • Experiment with different network topologies and deployment scenarios.
3. Quality of Service (QoS):
   • Implement QoS mechanisms to prioritize critical data and ensure timely delivery.
4. Advanced Communication Protocols:
   • Implement and evaluate advanced communication protocols for VANETs and UAVs.
5. Network Performance Metrics:
   • Collect and analyze additional performance metrics such as throughput, latency, packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption.
6. Security:
   • Implement security mechanisms to protect data and services within the UAS-based VANET.

      Finally, we have learned the process of implementing UAV-based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) in the ns-3 environment. We are proficient in programming for all aspects of VANET.