In general, the open source network simulator is denoted as the Ns2 and it is applicable for the functions based on various platforms such as Mac, UNIX and Windows systems. Ns2 is considered as the wide support for the exploitation of simulation in various network components and protocols including FTP, UDP, TCP, routing and traffics sources such as CBR through both the wired and wireless networks.

Technologies and Tools Available in Ns2

            Most significantly, Ns2 is considered as the provision of several methods for the specification of network protocols to simulate the characteristics that are consistent with this process. The flexibility and modular nature of Ns2 is acquiring the profound admiration of networking research community areas. In addition, the versions that are invented recently in Ns2 is Ns 2.35.

            Ns 2 simulator is functioning as the integration of various types of technologies and tools. The implementation of Ns2 is using both the C++ language and object tool command language (OTCL). In addition, it is capable to exploit the TCL and C++ interface so it is denoted as TclCl which permits the interaction among the C++ and OTCL. The utilization of Ns2 simulator in AWK script is capable to exploit the process of tracing the files. The incorporation of Ns2 simulator includes various tools including Xgraph and network animator (NAM).

• Xgraph – 12.2
• It is denoted as the data plotter and the interactive buttons are functional in Xgraph for the process such as choosing, printing, zooming and panning the display options. The data is plotted through the collected data over various numbers of files in the similar graph. It is capable for the regulation of immeasurable dataset sizes with various data files
• NAM – 1.15
• It is denoted as the animation tool that is deployed to view the network simulation to trace data which is supportive for multiple inspection tools, level packet animation and topology layout
• AWK script
• It is deployed for the process of tracing files through designing the programming language and it is deployed to report the tools and data extraction in Ns2
• C++
• It is denoted as the object oriented language that is utilized for the byte manipulation, execution of novel algorithm and protocols and packet processing in Ns2
• OTCL
• It is utilized for the specification of network parameters including topography, protocol, links and node. The process of exploitation to initiate the event scheduler for the creation of network topology

Wired Network Scenarios

           The attacks, link recovery, link failure and congestion are considered as several wired network scenarios which are capable to create the dynamical process of various instances in the simulation period in the event driven simulation capability in Ns2.

• Trace file and AWK script for wired network
• The trace files are generated for the end of simulation which is followed for the particular format of wired network such as data specifications, nodes involvement, time and event type
• Animation of wired network
• It is based on the animation of wired network and supportive for the process of coloring, labeling and shaping the nodes to show the differentiation. The packets and links are displayed in various colors
• The node orientation in network topology which is highlighted in TCL scripts. It is applicable to drag and drop the nodes based on NAM tools to see the network in the selected topological manner
• While the process of animation, the packet drop is views and the packets are stored in queue and the properties based on links and packets are capable to view the links and packets which are clicked in NAM

Cognitive Radio Network Simulation

          The multi-channel and multi radio support are essential for the cognitive radio simulation that is capable to permit the integration of cognitive radio cognitive network patch in Ns2. The protocols based on MAC are particularly functioning for the network based on CRCN including Maccon, Maccng and some routing protocols such as WCETT and AODV for simulation.

Dynamic Data Transfer between Nodes Using TCP in Ns2

         The utilization of duplex links among the nodes is deployed for the creation of network topology. The communication among nodes is considered as the establishment in random fashion through the utilization of rand functions. The protocols based on wired networks are functioning as the transport control protocol. The establishment dynamic data transmission through the utilization of sample code where the traffic among the receiver and sender are established and the internet traffic is considered as the instance for the above mentioned process.

Link Failure in Wired Network Using Ns2

          The wired network includes the link among two nodes which are capable to break the establishment of link failure. Applications based on real time include the trading systems, telephony, video conferencing, online games and link failures that are appeared through various reasons. The link failure processes are existing for the short period of time and that is directing process towards the unbearable performance degradation. The simulation of links among two significant nodes are failed and recovered through the utilization of command “rtmodel-at” with the keywords such as up and down in particular time.

Link State Routing Protocol in Ns2

         The link state routing protocols includes two significant components including route logic and routing agent. The routing logic is functional as Dijkstra to exploit the information that is gathered and the routing agents are exchanging the routing packets with neighbors through the routing agents to implement the actual route computation.

Multicast Network in Ns2

          The computation of multicast distribution tree based on Ns2 simulation is utilizing the TCL script for the implementation of multicast routing strategy. The multicast routing protocols are capable for the functions based on all the nodes in the network. The nodes are attached with the multicast protocol agents. The nodes are used to join and leave the multicast group through the utilization of leave-group{} and join-group{}. The senders are functioning to transfer the data to all the nodes based on multicast group. Two significant arguments are included in this procedure and they are listed in the following.

• Identification of corresponding node
• Representation of group address

Evaluate AIMD Technique of TCP in Ns2

         The traffic control is accomplished through the utilization of efficient algorithms including the additive increase multiplicative decrease and explicit congestion notification based on transport layer. The source file based on AIMD is used to raise components in communication based in wired network through the functions of TCP sink and TCP.

Research Topics for Ns2 Ns3 Computer Networks Projects

• An agile and distributed mechanism for inter domain network slicing in next generation mobile networks
• Collaborative multi resource allocation in terrestrial satellite network
• Fairness improved resource allocation for QoS guaranteed satellite based internet of things
• Traffic prediction and resource allocation based on deep bidirectional LSTM in data center networks
• Dynamic channel allocation aided random access for SDN enabled LEO satellite IoT

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