To implement the trust-based routing in ns3 has to generate a custom routing protocol or adjusting an existing routing protocol to combine the trust metrics. Trust metrics is based on numerous factors like node behaviour, past interactions, or external reputation systems. The given below is the detailed procedures on how to implement the basic trust-based routing mechanism in ns3.
Step-by-step Implementation:
- Set Up ns3 Environment
Make sure ns3 is installed in the computer.
- Create a New Simulation Script
Generate a new C++ script for the simulation. In the instance, we will use C++.
- Include Necessary Headers
Include the essential ns3 headers in the script.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/aodv-module.h”
4. Define the Network Topology
To setup the basic network topology that contains nodes, devices, and links. In the instance, we will setup a basic ad-hoc network using the AODV routing protocol and modify it to include trust metrics.
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“TrustBasedRoutingExample”);
// Custom Trust-based AODV Routing Protocol
class TrustAodvRoutingProtocol : public aodv::RoutingProtocol {
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void) {
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“TrustAodvRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<aodv::RoutingProtocol> ()
.AddConstructor<TrustAodvRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
TrustAodvRoutingProtocol () {}
virtual ~TrustAodvRoutingProtocol () {}
// Override SendRequest to include trust metric calculation
virtual void SendRequest (Ipv4Address dst) override {
// Example: Check trust metric before sending request
if (CheckTrustMetric (dst)) {
aodv::RoutingProtocol::SendRequest (dst);
}
}
private:
bool CheckTrustMetric (Ipv4Address addr) {
// Implement your trust metric calculation here
// For example, return true if trust metric is above a threshold
double trustMetric = GetTrustMetric (addr);
return trustMetric > 0.5; // Example threshold
}
double GetTrustMetric (Ipv4Address addr) {
// Implement your trust metric calculation here
// For this example, we’ll just return a random trust metric
Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> uv = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable> ();
return uv->GetValue ();
}
};
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4); // Create 4 nodes
// Set up point-to-point links
PointToPointHelper p2p;
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices.Add (p2p.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1)));
devices.Add (p2p.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2)));
devices.Add (p2p.Install (nodes.Get (2), nodes.Get (3)));
// Install the internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
AodvHelper aodv;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (aodv);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set mobility (optional)
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Install applications
uint16_t port = 9;
OnOffHelper onoff (“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (3), port));
onoff.SetAttribute (“OnTime”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]”));
onoff.SetAttribute (“OffTime”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]”));
onoff.SetAttribute (“DataRate”, DataRateValue (DataRate (“1Mbps”)));
onoff.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (nodes.Get (0));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
PacketSinkHelper sink (“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = sink.Install (nodes.Get (3));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (0.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable pcap tracing
p2p.EnablePcapAll (“trust-based-routing”);
// Run simulation
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Explanation
- Network Topology: The script sets up a simple point-to-point network with four nodes.
- Mobility: Nodes are given fixed positions using the ConstantPositionMobilityModel.
- Custom Routing Protocol: A custom AODV routing protocol class (TrustAodvRoutingProtocol) is created by inheriting from aodv::RoutingProtocol and overriding the SendRequest method to include trust metric checks.
- Applications: An OnOff application is installed on the first node to generate UDP traffic to the last node. A PacketSink application is installed on the last node to receive the traffic.
- PCAP Tracing: PCAP tracing is enabled to capture packets for analysis.
5. Build and Run the Script
Save the script and build it using the ns-3 build system (waf).
./waf configure
./waf build
./waf –run trust-based-routing
Extending the Example
Here, we can extend this sample to contains more complex trust-based routing scenarios, such as:
- Dynamic Trust Metrics: Implement dynamic trust metrics that change based on node behavior over time.
- Trust Calculation: Use more sophisticated algorithms for trust calculation, such as using past interactions, reputation systems, or machine learning models.
- Multi-Hop Routing: Extend the trust-based routing to support multi-hop communication and routing decisions based on cumulative trust metrics.
- Security Attacks: Simulate security attacks (e.g., black hole, gray hole) and evaluate the effectiveness of the trust-based routing protocol in mitigating these attacks.
- Network Monitoring: Use the FlowMonitor module to monitor network performance metrics such as throughput, delay, and packet loss, and correlate them with trust metrics.
We provide the sample setup for dynamic trust metrics:
bool CheckTrustMetric (Ipv4Address addr) {
double trustMetric = GetTrustMetric (addr);
// Adjust trust threshold based on dynamic conditions
double threshold = 0.5; // Example threshold
if (Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds () > 5.0) {
threshold = 0.7; // Increase threshold after 5 seconds
}
return trustMetric > threshold;
}
In the conclusion, we clearly understand the Trust based Routing has creating the network topology by using the characteristic trust that incorporate with ns3 implementation tool. Further details regarding the implementation of the Trust based Routing in different simulations will be provided.
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