To implement secure email communications in ns-3 the email messages should encrypted and securely transmitted between nodes by simulating a network simulates the email transmission process using TCP/IP and integrate encryption to secure the communication. The following steps guide to implement secure email communication in ns-3.
Prerequisites
- ns-3 installed on your system.
- Basic understanding of ns-3, C++ programming, and cryptography concepts.
Step-by-step Implement Secure Email Communications in ns-3
- Install ns-3: Ensure you have ns-3 installed. You can download it from the official website and follow the installation instructions.
wget https://www.nsnam.org/release/ns-allinone-3.xx.tar.bz2
tar -xjf ns-allinone-3.xx.tar.bz2
cd ns-allinone-3.xx
./build.py –enable-examples –enable-tests
Include Necessary Headers: Include the required headers for TCP, network modules, and encryption.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
Create Network Topology: Create nodes and set up the network topology using point-to-point links.
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(2);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install(nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);
Implement Encryption and Decryption: Implement simple encryption and decryption functions. For demonstration purposes, we use XOR encryption. In practice, use robust encryption algorithms like AES or RSA.
std::string EncryptDecrypt(std::string toEncrypt) {
char key = ‘K’; // Simple key for XOR encryption
std::string output = toEncrypt;
for (size_t i = 0; i < toEncrypt.size(); ++i) {
output[i] = toEncrypt[i] ^ key;
}
return output;
}
Create Application for Secure Email Transmission: Create a custom application to simulate sending and receiving encrypted email messages.
class SecureEmailApp : public Application {
public:
void Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate);
void StartApplication (void);
void StopApplication (void);
private:
void ScheduleTx (void);
void SendPacket (void);
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
Address m_peer;
uint32_t m_packetSize;
uint32_t m_nPackets;
DataRate m_dataRate;
EventId m_sendEvent;
bool m_running;
uint32_t m_packetsSent;
};
void SecureEmailApp::Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate) {
m_socket = socket;
m_peer = address;
m_packetSize = packetSize;
m_nPackets = nPackets;
m_dataRate = dataRate;
m_running = false;
m_packetsSent = 0;
}
void SecureEmailApp::StartApplication (void) {
m_running = true;
m_packetsSent = 0;
m_socket->Bind ();
m_socket->Connect (m_peer);
SendPacket ();
}
void SecureEmailApp::StopApplication (void) {
m_running = false;
if (m_sendEvent.IsRunning ()) {
Simulator::Cancel (m_sendEvent);
}
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
}
}
void SecureEmailApp::SendPacket (void) {
std::string message = “Hello, this is a secure email.”;
std::string encryptedMessage = EncryptDecrypt(message);
Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet>((uint8_t*) encryptedMessage.c_str(), encryptedMessage.length());
m_socket->Send (packet);
if (++m_packetsSent < m_nPackets) {
ScheduleTx ();
}
}
void SecureEmailApp::ScheduleTx (void) {
if (m_running) {
Time tNext (Seconds (m_packetSize * 8 / static_cast<double> (m_dataRate.GetBitRate ())));
m_sendEvent = Simulator::Schedule (tNext, &SecureEmailApp::SendPacket, this);
}
}
Install Applications on Nodes: Install the secure email application on the nodes.
uint16_t port = 9;
Address sinkAddress (InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), port));
PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper (“ns3::TcpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSinkHelper.Install (nodes.Get (1));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Ptr<Socket> ns3TcpSocket = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (0), TcpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
Ptr<SecureEmailApp> app = CreateObject<SecureEmailApp> ();
app->Setup (ns3TcpSocket, sinkAddress, 1040, 1, DataRate (“1Mbps”));
nodes.Get (0)->AddApplication (app);
app->SetStartTime (Seconds (2.0));
app->SetStopTime (Seconds (10.0));
Run the Simulation: Finally, run the simulation and clean up.
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
Example Complete Script
Below is an example complete script:
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
std::string EncryptDecrypt(std::string toEncrypt) {
char key = ‘K’; // Simple key for XOR encryption
std::string output = toEncrypt;
for (size_t i = 0; i < toEncrypt.size(); ++i) {
output[i] = toEncrypt[i] ^ key;
}
return output;
}
class SecureEmailApp : public Application {
public:
void Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate);
void StartApplication (void);
void StopApplication (void);
private:
void ScheduleTx (void);
void SendPacket (void);
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
Address m_peer;
uint32_t m_packetSize;
uint32_t m_nPackets;
DataRate m_dataRate;
EventId m_sendEvent;
bool m_running;
uint32_t m_packetsSent;
};
void SecureEmailApp::Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate) {
m_socket = socket;
m_peer = address;
m_packetSize = packetSize;
m_nPackets = nPackets;
m_dataRate = dataRate;
m_running = false;
m_packetsSent = 0;
}
void SecureEmailApp::StartApplication (void) {
m_running = true;
m_packetsSent = 0;
m_socket->Bind ();
m_socket->Connect (m_peer);
SendPacket ();
}
void SecureEmailApp::StopApplication (void) {
m_running = false;
if (m_sendEvent.IsRunning ()) {
Simulator::Cancel (m_sendEvent);
}
if (m_socket) {
m_socket->Close ();
}
}
void SecureEmailApp::SendPacket (void) {
std::string message = “Hello, this is a secure email.”;
std::string encryptedMessage = EncryptDecrypt(message);
Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet>((uint8_t*) encryptedMessage.c_str(), encryptedMessage.length());
m_socket->Send (packet);
if (++m_packetsSent < m_nPackets) {
ScheduleTx ();
}
}
void SecureEmailApp::ScheduleTx (void) {
if (m_running) {
Time tNext (Seconds (m_packetSize * 8 / static_cast<double> (m_dataRate.GetBitRate ())));
m_sendEvent = Simulator::Schedule (tNext, &SecureEmailApp::SendPacket, this);
}
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (2);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
uint16_t port = 9;
Address sinkAddress (InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), port));
PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper (“ns3::TcpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));
ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSinkHelper.Install (nodes.Get (1));
sinkApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Ptr<Socket> ns3TcpSocket = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (0), TcpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());
Ptr<SecureEmailApp> app = CreateObject<SecureEmailApp> ();
app->Setup (ns3TcpSocket, sinkAddress, 1040, 1, DataRate (“1Mbps”));
nodes.Get (0)->AddApplication (app);
app->SetStartTime (Seconds (2.0));
app->SetStopTime (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Running the Script
Compile and run the script using the following commands:
./waf configure –enable-examples
./waf build
./waf –run <script-name>
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