To implement the network PID (Process ID) management in ns3 that has to handle the multiple network entities such as applications or flows will emulate in the settings. In ns3 tool we can perceive by generating and managing the multiple applications on nodes, each with a unique identifier.

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The given below is the step by procedure on how to implement the network PID in ns3:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Set Up the Simulation Environment

• Make sure ns3 is installed in the computer.

Step 2: Create the Network Topology

• Make the simple network topology use of ns3 with multiple nodes. In the instance we will emulate the scenario with three nodes connected in a point-to-point topology.

Step 3: Define the PID Management

• Create custom applications to simulate PID management.

Step 4: Write the Script

• Here, we provide the complete instance on how to generate and setup the network PID management in ns3:

1. Create a New File:
   • Save the following script as network-pid-management.cc in the scratch directory of your ns-3 installation.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h”

#include “ns3/ipv4-list-routing-helper.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“NetworkPidManagementExample”);

class PidApplication : public Application

{

public:

PidApplication ();

virtual ~PidApplication ();

void Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, Time interPacketInterval, uint32_t pid);

protected:

virtual void StartApplication (void);

virtual void StopApplication (void);

private:

void SendPacket ();

void ScheduleTx ();

void ReceivePacket (Ptr<Socket> socket);

Ptr<Socket> m_socket;

Address m_peer;

uint32_t m_packetSize;

uint32_t m_nPackets;

Time m_interval;

uint32_t m_sent;

uint32_t m_pid;

EventId m_sendEvent;

};

PidApplication::PidApplication ()

: m_socket (0),

m_packetSize (0),

m_nPackets (0),

m_sent (0),

m_pid (0)

{

}

PidApplication::~PidApplication ()

{

m_socket = 0;

}

void

PidApplication::Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, Time interPacketInterval, uint32_t pid)

{

m_socket = socket;

m_peer = address;

m_packetSize = packetSize;

m_nPackets = nPackets;

m_interval = interPacketInterval;

m_pid = pid;

}

void

PidApplication::StartApplication (void)

{

m_socket->Bind ();

m_socket->Connect (m_peer);

m_socket->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&PidApplication::ReceivePacket, this));

SendPacket ();

}

void

PidApplication::StopApplication (void)

{

if (m_socket)

{

m_socket->Close ();

}

Simulator::Cancel (m_sendEvent);

}

void

PidApplication::SendPacket ()

{

Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> (m_packetSize);

m_socket->Send (packet);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (“PID ” << m_pid << ” sent packet of size ” << m_packetSize);

if (++m_sent < m_nPackets)

{

ScheduleTx ();

}

}

void

PidApplication::ScheduleTx ()

{

m_sendEvent = Simulator::Schedule (m_interval, &PidApplication::SendPacket, this);

}

void

PidApplication::ReceivePacket (Ptr<Socket> socket)

{

Ptr<Packet> packet = socket->Recv ();

NS_LOG_UNCOND (“PID ” << m_pid << ” received packet of size ” << packet->GetSize ());

}

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create (3); // Three nodes

// Set up point-to-point links between nodes

PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;

pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));

pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));

NetDeviceContainer devicesAB, devicesBC;

devicesAB = pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (0), nodes.Get (1)); // A to B

devicesBC = pointToPoint.Install (nodes.Get (1), nodes.Get (2)); // B to C

// Install the Internet stack on the nodes

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install (nodes);

// Assign IP addresses to the devices

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfacesAB = address.Assign (devicesAB);

address.SetBase (“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfacesBC = address.Assign (devicesBC);

// Set up PID applications

uint32_t packetSize = 1024;

uint32_t nPackets = 10;

Time interPacketInterval = Seconds (1.0);

// Node A -> Node B

Ptr<Socket> sourceSocketA = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (0), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());

Ptr<PidApplication> appA = CreateObject<PidApplication> ();

appA->Setup (sourceSocketA, InetSocketAddress (interfacesAB.GetAddress (1), 9), packetSize, nPackets, interPacketInterval, 1); // PID 1

nodes.Get (0)->AddApplication (appA);

appA->SetStartTime (Seconds (2.0));

appA->SetStopTime (Seconds (10.0));

// Node B -> Node C

Ptr<Socket> sourceSocketB = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (1), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());

Ptr<PidApplication> appB = CreateObject<PidApplication> ();

appB->Setup (sourceSocketB, InetSocketAddress (interfacesBC.GetAddress (1), 9), packetSize, nPackets, interPacketInterval, 2); // PID 2

nodes.Get (1)->AddApplication (appB);

appB->SetStartTime (Seconds (2.0));

appB->SetStopTime (Seconds (10.0));

// Node C receiving application

Ptr<Socket> sinkSocketC = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (2), UdpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());

InetSocketAddress localC = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 9);

sinkSocketC->Bind (localC);

Ptr<PidApplication> appC = CreateObject<PidApplication> ();

nodes.Get (2)->AddApplication (appC);

sinkSocketC->SetRecvCallback (MakeCallback (&PidApplication::ReceivePacket, appC));

// Enable packet capturing

pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll (“network-pid-management”);

// Run simulation

Simulator::Run ();

Simulator::Destroy ();

return 0;

}

Explanation:

1. Create Nodes and Network:
   • Create three nodes and connect them using point-to-point links.
   • Install the Internet stack on the nodes.
   • Assign IP addresses to the devices.
2. Define PID Application:
   • Create a PidApplication class that maintains a unique PID for each application instance.
   • The SendPacket function creates packets and sends them, logging the PID.
   • The ReceivePacket function handles incoming packets and logs the PID.
   • The ScheduleTx function schedules the next packet transmission.
3. Install and Configure the Application:
   • Create sockets for sending and receiving.
   • Install the PidApplication on the nodes.
   • Configure the application with the necessary parameters, such as packet size, number of packets, inter-packet interval, and PID.
4. Run the Simulation:
   • Schedule the start and stop times for the applications.
   • Run the simulation and log the results.

Step 4: Compile and Run the Script

1. Save the script as network-pid-management.cc in the scratch directory of your ns-3 installation.
2. Compile the script using the following commands:

./waf configure

./waf build

./waf –run network-pid-management

Step 5: Analyse the Results

After running the simulation, you can analyse the results by looking at the logs and the pcap files generated by the packet capturing to verify the behaviour of the PID management application.

In the above script, we all discussed and get the knowledge on how to handle the multiple network entities during the simulation with ns3 implementation. We also provide further additional details that relate to network PID.

We employ ns3tool to facilitate the necessary simulations for your project, specifically focusing on network PID Management support. This will enable the management of various network entities, including applications and flows, which will be emulated within the specified settings.