To calculate the network residual energy level in ns3, we need to use the Energy module to track the energy consumption of nodes over time. For wireless networks with energy constraints, such as sensor networks this concept is particularly useful.

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Below is a complete guide to calculate and monitor the residual energy levels of nodes in ns3.

Steps for calculating Network Residual Energy Level

1. Set up the simulation :

• Make sure that ns3 is installed in the computer. If not, install it and include necessary modules.

2. Create Network Topology:

• create nodes, devices, and channels.
• Set up IP addressing and routing for the nodes.

3. Configure Applications:

• On the nodes, setup applications to generate and receive traffic.

4. Configure Energy Models :

• On the nodes, install energy sources and energy consumption models.

5. Enable tracing for Energy Levels:

• To capture energy levels during the simulation, use ns3 tracing capabilities.

5. Run the simulation :

• Execute the simulation and collect the trace data.

6. Analyze the results :

• Post-process the trace data to calculate the residual energy levels over time.

Example to Calculate the Network Residual Energy Level

Create a basic set up of network with wireless network, generate traffic, and monitor the energy levels in ns3.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/energy-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“EnergyExample”);

// Function to log the residual energy of each node

void ResidualEnergyLogger (Ptr<BasicEnergySource> source)

{

double energy = source->GetRemainingEnergy ();

NS_LOG_UNCOND (“Time: ” << Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds () << “s, Residual Energy: ” << energy << “J”);

Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (1.0), &ResidualEnergyLogger, source); // Schedule the function to be called again

}

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

// Set up logging

LogComponentEnable (“UdpEchoClientApplication”, LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

LogComponentEnable (“UdpEchoServerApplication”, LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create (2);

// Set up Wi-Fi connection

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();

wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifi.SetRemoteStationManager (“ns3::AarfWifiManager”);

wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install (nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

// Set up UDP server on node 1

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (1));

serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));

serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Set up UDP client on node 0

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (1), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1000));

echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (0.1)));

echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));

clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));

clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Install Energy Source

BasicEnergySourceHelper basicSourceHelper;

basicSourceHelper.Set (“BasicEnergySourceInitialEnergyJ”, DoubleValue (100.0)); // Set initial energy to 100 Joules

EnergySourceContainer sources = basicSourceHelper.Install (nodes);

// Install Energy Harvester (optional)

// Ptr<BasicEnergySource> basicSourcePtr = DynamicCast<BasicEnergySource> (sources.Get (0));

// BasicEnergyHarvesterHelper basicHarvesterHelper;

// EnergyHarvesterContainer harvesters = basicHarvesterHelper.Install (basicSourcePtr);

// Install Device Energy Model

WifiRadioEnergyModelHelper radioEnergyHelper;

DeviceEnergyModelContainer deviceModels = radioEnergyHelper.Install (devices, sources);

// Schedule Residual Energy Logger

Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (1.0), &ResidualEnergyLogger, DynamicCast<BasicEnergySource> (sources.Get (0)));

// Run the simulation

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (11.0));

Simulator::Run ();

Simulator::Destroy ();

return 0;

}

Explanation:

1. Setup Logging:
   • To track activities, enable logging for the UDP applications.
2. Create Nodes and Network:
   • Two nodes connected via Wi-Fi in ad-hoc mode.
   • Configure the Wi-Fi channel, PHY, and MAC.
3. Install Network Stack:
   • On both nodes, install the Internet stack.
   • Assign IP addresses to the devices.
4. Configure Applications:
   • On Node 1, install UDP echo server.
   • Install a UDP echo client on node 0, configured to send packets to the server.
5. Install Energy Source and Model:
   • On each node, install a basic energy source (e.g., battery).
   • Optionally, install an energy harvester if needed.
   • To track energy consumption, install a Wi-Fi radio energy model on the devices.
6. Residual Energy Logger:
   • To log the residual energy periodically, define a function.
   • Schedule this function to run at regular intervals during the simulation.
7. Run Simulation:
   • Run the simulation for the specified duration.
8. Calculate Residual Energy:
   • The residual energy is logged periodically during the simulation.

Analyzing the Results:

• The residual energy logger function logs the remaining energy at regular intervals (every 1.0 seconds in this example).
• The log output can be analyzed to understand how the energy levels of the nodes change over time.

On the whole we had a performance analysis on calculating network residual energy level in ns3 by using the Energy module to track the energy consumption of nodes over time. Also, we provide more related information on Network Residual Energy Level.