To implement the Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) protocol in ns3 we need to make a custom module for AOMDV and this is not obtainable to default ns3 distribution. Get a Custom module for AOMDV related to your project concept from us. AOMDV is an extension to AODV that offers multiple loop free and link disjoint paths. Here are the procedures on how to implement the AOMDV in ns3 environment.
Step-by-Step Guide to Implementing AOMDV in ns3
- Set Up Your Environment
Make certain we have installed ns3. If you haven’t installed it yet, download and set it up.
- Create a New ns3 Module
Create a new module for AOMDV in the src directory of your ns3 installation. This involves creating the necessary directory structure and files.
cd ns-3.xx
cd src
mkdir -p aomdv/model
mkdir -p aomdv/helper
- Create the AOMDV Header File
Create the AOMDV routing protocol header file aomdv-routing-protocol.h in the model directory.
#ifndef AOMDV_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#define AOMDV_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-address.h”
#include “ns3/timer.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-model.h”
#include “ns3/node.h”
#include “ns3/net-device.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h”
#include <map>
#include <vector>
namespace ns3 {
class AomdvRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol
{
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
AomdvRoutingProtocol ();
virtual ~AomdvRoutingProtocol ();
// Inherited from Ipv4RoutingProtocol
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
virtual void PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream) const;
private:
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::map<Ipv4Address, std::vector<Ipv4RoutingTableEntry>> m_routingTable;
Ptr<NetDevice> GetNetDevice (uint32_t interface);
Ptr<MobilityModel> GetMobilityModel (Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice);
std::vector<Ipv4Address> GetNextHops (Ipv4Address dest);
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* AOMDV_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H */
- Create the AOMDV Source File
Create the AOMDV routing protocol source file aomdv-routing-protocol.cc in the model directory.
#include “aomdv-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-route.h”
#include “ns3/simulator.h”
#include <algorithm>
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“AomdvRoutingProtocol”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (AomdvRoutingProtocol);
TypeId
AomdvRoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void)
{
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::AomdvRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName(“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<AomdvRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
AomdvRoutingProtocol::AomdvRoutingProtocol ()
{
}
AomdvRoutingProtocol::~AomdvRoutingProtocol ()
{
}
void
AomdvRoutingProtocol::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4)
{
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
}
Ptr<NetDevice>
AomdvRoutingProtocol::GetNetDevice (uint32_t interface)
{
return m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (interface);
}
Ptr<MobilityModel>
AomdvRoutingProtocol::GetMobilityModel (Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice)
{
return netDevice->GetNode ()->GetObject<MobilityModel> ();
}
std::vector<Ipv4Address>
AomdvRoutingProtocol::GetNextHops (Ipv4Address dest)
{
// Simplified example of next hop selection based on AOMDV
std::vector<Ipv4Address> nextHops;
if (m_routingTable.find(dest) != m_routingTable.end())
{
for (const auto &entry : m_routingTable[dest])
{
nextHops.push_back(entry.GetGateway());
}
}
return nextHops;
}
Ptr<Ipv4Route>
AomdvRoutingProtocol::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr)
{
Ipv4Address dest = header.GetDestination ();
std::vector<Ipv4Address> nextHops = GetNextHops (dest);
if (nextHops.empty())
{
sockerr = Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST;
return nullptr;
}
// Select the first available next hop for simplicity
Ipv4Address nextHop = nextHops[0];
Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
route->SetDestination (dest);
route->SetGateway (nextHop);
route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (nextHop)));
return route;
}
bool
AomdvRoutingProtocol::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb)
{
Ipv4Address dest = header.GetDestination ();
std::vector<Ipv4Address> nextHops = GetNextHops (dest);
if (nextHops.empty())
{
ecb (p, header, Socket::ERROR_NOROUTETOHOST);
return false;
}
// Select the first available next hop for simplicity
Ipv4Address nextHop = nextHops[0];
Ptr<Ipv4Route> route = Create<Ipv4Route> ();
route->SetDestination (dest);
route->SetGateway (nextHop);
route->SetOutputDevice (m_ipv4->GetNetDevice (m_ipv4->GetInterfaceForAddress (nextHop)));
ucb (route, p, header);
return true;
}
void
AomdvRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface)
{
}
void
AomdvRoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface)
{
}
void
AomdvRoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
{
}
void
AomdvRoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address)
{
}
void
AomdvRoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream) const
{
*stream->GetStream () << “AOMDV Routing Table” << std::endl;
for (auto const &entry : m_routingTable)
{
*stream->GetStream () << entry.first << ” -> “;
for (const auto &routeEntry : entry.second)
{
*stream->GetStream () << routeEntry.GetGateway () << ” via ” << routeEntry.GetInterface () << “, “;
}
*stream->GetStream () << std::endl;
}
}
} // namespace ns3
- Define AOMDV Helper
Create the AOMDV helper header file aomdv-helper.h in the helper directory.
#ifndef AOMDV_HELPER_H
#define AOMDV_HELPER_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-helper.h”
#include “aomdv-routing-protocol.h”
namespace ns3 {
class AomdvHelper : public Ipv4RoutingHelper
{
public:
AomdvHelper ();
virtual ~AomdvHelper ();
AomdvHelper* Copy (void) const;
virtual Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> Create (Ptr<Node> node) const;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* AOMDV_HELPER_H */
Create the AOMDV helper source file aomdv-helper.cc in the helper directory.
#include “aomdv-helper.h”
#include “ns3/node.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
namespace ns3 {
AomdvHelper::AomdvHelper ()
{
}
AomdvHelper::~AomdvHelper ()
{
}
AomdvHelper*
AomdvHelper::Copy (void) const
{
return new AomdvHelper (*this);
}
Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol>
AomdvHelper::Create (Ptr<Node> node) const
{
Ptr<AomdvRoutingProtocol> aomdvRouting = CreateObject<AomdvRoutingProtocol> ();
node->AggregateObject (aomdvRouting);
return aomdvRouting;
}
} // namespace ns3
- Update CMakeLists.txt
Add the new AOMDV module to the ns3 build system. Edit src/CMakeLists.txt and add the following line:
add_subdirectory (aomdv)
Create src/aomdv/CMakeLists.txt with the following content:
ns3_add_library (aomdv
model/aomdv-routing-protocol.cc
helper/aomdv-helper.cc
)
target_link_libraries (aomdv)
- Set Up the Network Topology
Create a simulation script in the scratch directory to use the AOMDV protocol.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “aomdv-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (10);
// Set up WiFi
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
// Set up mobility model
MobilityHelper mobility;
Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> random = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable> ();
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MaxX”, DoubleValue (100.0),
“MaxY”, DoubleValue (100.0));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,
“Speed”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=20.0]”),
“Pause”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),
“PositionAllocator”, StringValue (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator[MinX=0.0|MinY=0.0|MaxX=100.0|MaxY=100.0]”));
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Install the internet stack on nodes
InternetStackHelper stack;
AomdvHelper aomdv;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (aomdv);
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses to the devices
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (9));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (9), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“aomdv-simulation.tr”));
wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll (“aomdv-simulation”);
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
- Build and Run the Simulation
After writing your script, you need to build and run it.
./waf build
./waf –run scratch/aomdv-simulation
- Analyze the Results
After running the simulation, you can analyze the results using the generated trace files (aomdv-simulation.tr and aomdv-simulation-0-0.pcap).
Complete Example Script for AOMDV
Here is a sample script to complete the AOMDV protocol in ns3 environment:
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “aomdv-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (10);
// Set up WiFi
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
// Set up mobility model
MobilityHelper mobility;
Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> random = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable> ();
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MaxX”, DoubleValue (100.0),
“MaxY”, DoubleValue (100.0));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,
“Speed”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=20.0]”),
“Pause”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),
“PositionAllocator”, StringValue (“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator[MinX=0.0|MinY=0.0|MaxX=100.0|MaxY=100.0]”));
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Install the internet stack on nodes
InternetStackHelper stack;
AomdvHelper aomdv;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (aomdv);
stack.Install (nodes);
// Assign IP addresses to the devices
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (9));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (9), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
// Enable tracing
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“aomdv-simulation.tr”));
wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll (“aomdv-simulation”);
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
As we discussed earlier about how the AOMDV will perform in ns3 environment and we help to deliver further information about how the AOMDV will adapt in diverse environments. For more programming assistance in AOMDV stay in touch with us.
