To implement bio-inspired routing in ns3, we need to create a routing protocol that should similar to the behavior of biological systems. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is the one and only common example of a bio-inspired routing protocol. Based on the behavior of ants searching for food we can derive the routes. This protocol mainly used in creating efficient routes. The following steps will guide on how to implement Bio inspired routing in ns3.
Step-by-step to implement Bio inspired routing in ns3
Step 1: Set Up the ns3 Environment
- Install ns3: Make sure that ns3 is installed on the system.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ns3
Create a New ns-3 Project: Create a directory for the new project within the ns3 workspace
cd ns-3
mkdir scratch/bio-inspired-routing
Step 2: Define the Bio-Inspired Routing Protocol
- Create the Routing Protocol Class: Define a new routing protocol class that implements the bio-inspired routing algorithm.
// BioInspiredRouting.h
#ifndef BIO_INSPIRED_ROUTING_H
#define BIO_INSPIRED_ROUTING_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h”
#include “ns3/timer.h”
#include <map>
#include <vector>
namespace ns3 {
class BioInspiredRouting : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
BioInspiredRouting ();
virtual ~BioInspiredRouting ();
virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr);
virtual bool RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface);
virtual void NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address);
virtual void SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4);
virtual void PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, Time::Unit unit = Time::S) const;
private:
void UpdatePheromones ();
void DiscoverRoute (Ipv4Address dst);
Ptr<Ipv4> m_ipv4;
std::map<Ipv4Address, Ipv4RoutingTableEntry> m_routes;
std::map<Ipv4Address, double> m_pheromones;
Timer m_timer;
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif // BIO_INSPIRED_ROUTING_H
// BioInspiredRouting.cc
#include “BioInspiredRouting.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-l3-protocol.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“BioInspiredRouting”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (BioInspiredRouting);
TypeId BioInspiredRouting::GetTypeId (void) {
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::BioInspiredRouting”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName (“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<BioInspiredRouting> ();
return tid;
}
BioInspiredRouting::BioInspiredRouting () {
m_timer.SetFunction (&BioInspiredRouting::UpdatePheromones, this);
m_timer.Schedule (Seconds (1.0));
}
BioInspiredRouting::~BioInspiredRouting () {}
void BioInspiredRouting::SetIpv4 (Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4) {
m_ipv4 = ipv4;
}
void BioInspiredRouting::NotifyInterfaceUp (uint32_t interface) {}
void BioInspiredRouting::NotifyInterfaceDown (uint32_t interface) {}
void BioInspiredRouting::NotifyAddAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {}
void BioInspiredRouting::NotifyRemoveAddress (uint32_t interface, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) {}
Ptr<Ipv4Route> BioInspiredRouting::RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) {
// Implement route output logic here
return 0;
}
bool BioInspiredRouting::RouteInput (Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb, MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb, ErrorCallback ecb) {
// Implement route input logic here
return false;
}
void BioInspiredRouting::PrintRoutingTable (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, Time::Unit unit) const {
// Implement routing table printing here
}
void BioInspiredRouting::UpdatePheromones () {
// Implement pheromone update logic here
m_timer.Schedule (Seconds (1.0));
}
void BioInspiredRouting::DiscoverRoute (Ipv4Address dst) {
// Implement route discovery logic here
}
} // namespace ns3
Step 3: Integrate the Routing Protocol in a Simulation
- Create a New Simulation Script: Create a new script in the scratch directory to use the bio-inspired routing protocol.
// bio-inspired-routing.cc
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “BioInspiredRouting.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“BioInspiredRoutingExample”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute (“DataRate”, StringValue (“5Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute (“Delay”, StringValue (“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
Ptr<BioInspiredRouting> bioRouting = CreateObject<BioInspiredRouting> ();
stack.SetRoutingHelper (bioRouting);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (3));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (3), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Step 4: Compile and Run the Simulation
- Compile the Script: Compile the script using the waf build system.
./waf build
Run the Simulation: Run the simulation script and observe the results.
./waf –run scratch/bio-inspired-routing
Step 5: Enable Tracing and Analyze Results
- Enable Tracing: Add tracing to collect data for analysis.
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream (“bio-inspired-routing.tr”));
Run the Simulation: Set the simulation stop time and run it.
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
Step 6: Analyze the Results
After running the simulation, analyze the generated trace files (bio-inspired-routing.tr) to study the routing behavior and performance.
Finally, we had analyzed and studied the steps involved in the implementation of Bio inspired routing which uses Ant colony optimization to create efficient routes and integrating the routing protocol in a simulation process.
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) projects are carried out by us, we provide bbest implementation guidance for your reasech.