How to Implement Interoperability to D2D in ns3

To implement interoperability between cellular networks and Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in ns3, we need to set-up a simulation in which the devices will communicate directly with another devices. It also works while maintaining connectivity with the cellular network. To support D2D communication alongside traditional cellular communication we can configure the LTE module. The following steps will guide on how to implement interoperability to D2D in ns3.

Step-by-step guide to implement this scenario in ns3:

Step 1: Install ns3

Make sure ns3 is installed on the system.

Step 2: Set Up the Simulation Environment

Create a new simulation script or modify an existing one. This script will define the network topology, nodes, mobility models, and communication protocols.

Step 3: Define Network Topology

Create nodes and define the network topology, focusing on both eNodeBs and UEs, and setting up D2D communication.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/lte-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“D2DInteroperabilityExample”);

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

// Enable logging

LogComponentEnable (“D2DInteroperabilityExample”, LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

// Create nodes

NodeContainer ueNodes;

ueNodes.Create (20); // Example with 20 user equipment nodes

NodeContainer enbNodes;

enbNodes.Create (3); // Example with 3 eNodeB nodes (base stations)

// Set up LTE and EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper> ();

Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper> ();

lteHelper->SetEpcHelper (epcHelper);

// Install LTE Devices to the nodes

NetDeviceContainer enbLteDevs = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice (enbNodes);

NetDeviceContainer ueLteDevs = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice (ueNodes);

// Install the IP stack on the UEs

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install (ueNodes);

// Assign IP addresses to UEs

Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueIpIface;

ueIpIface = epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address (NetDeviceContainer (ueLteDevs));

// Attach UEs to the eNodeBs

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ueNodes.GetN (); i++)

{

lteHelper->Attach (ueLteDevs.Get (i), enbLteDevs.Get (i % enbNodes.GetN ()));

}

// Set mobility model

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install (enbNodes);

mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::RandomBoxPositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue (“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue (“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Z”, StringValue (“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=1.5]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue (“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=1.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue (“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=2.0]

“PositionAllocator”, StringValue (“ns3::RandomBoxPositionAllocator”));

mobility.Install (ueNodes);

// Set up D2D communication

Ptr<LteUePhy> uePhy = ueLteDevs.Get (0)->GetObject<LteUeNetDevice> ()->GetPhy ();

Ptr<LteEnbPhy> enbPhy = enbLteDevs.Get (0)->GetObject<LteEnbNetDevice> ()->GetPhy ();

uePhy->SetAttribute (“DeviceToDevice”, BooleanValue (true));

enbPhy->SetAttribute (“DeviceToDevice”, BooleanValue (true));

// Configure D2D applications

uint16_t d2dPort = 50000;

ApplicationContainer d2dServerApps;

ApplicationContainer d2dClientApps;

UdpServerHelper d2dServer (d2dPort);

d2dServerApps = d2dServer.Install (ueNodes.Get (0));

d2dServerApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));

d2dServerApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

UdpClientHelper d2dClient (ueIpIface.GetAddress (0), d2dPort);

d2dClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1000));

d2dClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (MilliSeconds (10)));

d2dClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));

d2dClientApps = d2dClient.Install (ueNodes.Get (1));

d2dClientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));

d2dClientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Set up FlowMonitor

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll ();

// Run the simulation

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));

Simulator::Run ();

// Print statistics

monitor->CheckForLostPackets ();

Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier>classifier=DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier> (flowmon.GetClassifier ());

std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats ();

for (std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats>::const_iterator i = stats.begin (); i != stats.end (); ++i)

{

Ipv4FlowClassifier::FiveTuple t = classifier->FindFlow (i->first);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (“Flow ” << i->first << ” (” << t.sourceAddress << ” -> ” << t.destinationAddress << “)”);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (”  Tx Packets: ” << i->second.txPackets);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (”  Tx Bytes:   ” << i->second.txBytes);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (”  Rx Packets: ” << i->second.rxPackets);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (”  Rx Bytes:   ” << i->second.rxBytes);

NS_LOG_UNCOND (”  Throughput: ” << i->second.rxBytes * 8.0 / (i->second.timeLastRxPacket.GetSeconds () – i->second.timeFirstTxPacket.GetSeconds ()) / 1024 / 1024  << ” Mbps”);

}

// Clean up

Simulator::Destroy ();

return 0;

}

Step 4: Configure D2D Communication

In the example, we set the DeviceToDevice attribute to true for both the UE and eNodeB PHY layers:

Ptr<LteUePhy> uePhy = ueLteDevs.Get (0)->GetObject<LteUeNetDevice> ()->GetPhy ();

Ptr<LteEnbPhy> enbPhy = enbLteDevs.Get (0)->GetObject<LteEnbNetDevice> ()->GetPhy ();

uePhy->SetAttribute (“DeviceToDevice”, BooleanValue (true));

enbPhy->SetAttribute (“DeviceToDevice”, BooleanValue (true));

Step 5: Set Up Mobility Models

In the example, the RandomWaypointMobilityModel is used for UEs to simulate movement. The mobility model and parameters (speed, pause, position) can be adjusted as needed.

Step 6: Set Up Traffic Generation

We set up a UDP server and client to simulate D2D communication. The server is installed on one UE, and the client is installed on another UE.

Step 7: Run the Simulation

Compile and run the simulation script to see the effect of D2D communication on network performance. The output will include statistics such as the number of packets transmitted and received, throughput, and any packet loss.

Finally, we had learnt about the implementation process of Interoperability to D2D in ns3 by setting up the simulation environment and mobility models, configuring D2D communication and setting up the traffic generation to run the simulation.So for anytypes of project help you can reach us.