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How to Implement Network Gateway Placement in ns3

To implement the network Gateway placement in ns3, we have to create a network topology within the placement of gateways (or access points) is fully optimized. That network improves the performance metrics like coverage, latency, throughput, and energy consumption. If the strategic placement of gateways is crucial then it is very useful in places like wireless sensor networks (WSNs), mesh networks or any large-scale network. Implementation of network Gateway placement in ns3toola re carried out by us, approach us to get best outcomes.

In below, we provide step-by-step implementation process on how to create a basic simulation of network gateway placement in ns3:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Setup ns3 Environment

Make sure that ns3 is installed in your system and it is configured properly.

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./waf configure

./waf build

Step 2: Create the Network Gateway Placement Simulation Script

First, we will create a script that sets up a network topology then, we have to place the gateways and then, we can evaluates the network performance.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“NetworkGatewayPlacementExample”);

// Function to install applications on nodes

void InstallApplications(NodeContainer &nodes, Ipv4InterfaceContainer &interfaces, uint16_t port)

{

OnOffHelper onoff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address(InetSocketAddress(interfaces.GetAddress(1), port)));

onoff.SetConstantRate(DataRate(“1Mbps”));

ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install(nodes.Get(0));

apps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

PacketSinkHelper sink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address(InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port)));

apps = sink.Install(nodes.Get(1));

apps.Start(Seconds(0.0));

apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10); // Ten nodes in total

NodeContainer gateways;

gateways.Create(2); // Two gateways

// Set up mobility model

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(5),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

mobility.Install(gateways);

// Manually position gateways

Ptr<ConstantPositionMobilityModel> mob0 = gateways.Get(0)->GetObject<ConstantPositionMobilityModel>();

mob0->SetPosition(Vector(15.0, 15.0, 0.0));

Ptr<ConstantPositionMobilityModel> mob1 = gateways.Get(1)->GetObject<ConstantPositionMobilityModel>();

mob1->SetPosition(Vector(45.0, 15.0, 0.0));

// Set up WiFi

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetRemoteStationManager(“ns3::AarfWifiManager”);

WifiMacHelper mac;

Ssid ssid = Ssid(“ns-3-ssid”);

mac.SetType(“ns3::StaWifiMac”,

“Ssid”, SsidValue(ssid),

“ActiveProbing”, BooleanValue(false));

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, nodes);

mac.SetType(“ns3::ApWifiMac”,

“Ssid”, SsidValue(ssid));

NetDeviceContainer gatewayDevices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, gateways);

// Install the internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

stack.Install(gateways);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer gatewayInterfaces = address.Assign(gatewayDevices);

// Install applications

InstallApplications(nodes, gatewayInterfaces, 9);

// Enable FlowMonitor to measure performance metrics

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

// Run the simulation

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

// Print per-flow statistics

monitor->CheckForLostPackets();

Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier = DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier>(flowmon.GetClassifier());

std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats();

for (std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats>::const_iterator i = stats.begin(); i != stats.end(); ++i)

{

Ipv4FlowClassifier::FiveTuple t = classifier->FindFlow(i->first);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Flow ” << i->first << ” (” << t.sourceAddress << ” -> ” << t.destinationAddress << “)”);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(”  Tx Packets: ” << i->second.txPackets);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(”  Tx Bytes:   ” << i->second.txBytes);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(”  Rx Packets: ” << i->second.rxPackets);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(”  Rx Bytes:   ” << i->second.rxBytes);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(”  Lost Packets: ” << i->second.lostPackets);

NS_LOG_UNCOND(”  Throughput: ” << i->second.rxBytes * 8.0 / (i->second.timeLastRxPacket.GetSeconds() – i->second.timeFirstTxPacket.GetSeconds()) / 1024 / 1024 << ” Mbps”);

}

// Clean up

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Step 3: Compile and Run the Simulation

  1. Compile the Simulation:

./waf configure –enable-examples

./waf build

Run the Simulation:

./waf –run scratch/network-gateway-placement-example

Step 4: Analyze Results

After running the simulation, we have to simulate the script that sets up a network topology which contains nodes and we have to manually place the two gateways at strategic locations. We have to log the node’s position and its gateways and now, we can use the FlowMonitor to aggregate and print out statistics about the traffic flows like packet loss, throughput, and delay.

Additional Considerations

In the network gateway placement simulation, we can also be able to extend its functionalities. Let’s get started with the help of the following steps:

1. Optimization Algorithms

Based on performance metrics, we can automatically conclude the better placement for gateways by implementing optimization algorithms (such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization).

2. Dynamic Network Topologies

We can also simulate the vibrant network topology in which the nodes can be easily move, join or leave the network and In such scenarios, we can evaluate the performance of various gateway placement techniques.

3. Communication Protocols

If we want to enhance the data routing and load balancing amongst the gateways and nodes by Assimilating communication protocols.

4. Performance Metrics

To examine the performance of multiple gateway placement techniques, we have to collect and analyze additional metrics which includes energy consumption, network latency, and packet delivery ratio.

5. Real-World Scenarios

In practical applications, we have to examine effectiveness of the gateway placement approach by simulating the real-world scenarios such as urban environments, industrial IoT deployments, or disaster recovery networks.

As discussed, we have now successfully learned through this script about how to implement network gateway placement in ns3. We also provide any additional information regarding this topic , if needed.