To implement the network scalability improvement in ns3 has to manage the larger network topologies and enhance the network in more complex scenarios effectively. Here the below is the detailed procedure on how to implement the network scalability improvement in ns3:
Step-by-Step Implementation:
Step 1: Set Up ns3 Environment
- Download ns3: Install ns3
- Install ns3: Follow the installation instructions for your operating system.
- Familiarize yourself with ns3 basics: Understand how to create nodes, set up channels, and run basic simulations.
Step 2: Define a Scalable Network Topology
Create a network topology that can scale with the number of nodes.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“ScalableNetworkSimulation”);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
uint32_t numNodes = 100; // Number of nodes in the network
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue(“numNodes”, “Number of nodes in the network”, numNodes);
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
// Create nodes
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(numNodes);
// Create point-to-point links
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes – 1; ++i)
{
devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(i), nodes.Get(i + 1)));
}
// Install internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(nodes);
// Assign IP addresses
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);
// Install applications
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(numNodes – 1));
serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(numNodes – 1), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0));
clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));
clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Enable packet tracing
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll(“scalable-network”);
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Step 3: Optimize Network Topology
Use efficient topology structures like tree or mesh to enhance scalability.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“ScalableNetworkSimulation”);
void CreateStarTopology(NodeContainer &nodes, NetDeviceContainer &devices, Ipv4InterfaceContainer &interfaces, uint32_t numNodes)
{
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NodeContainer hub;
hub.Create(1);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(hub);
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes; ++i)
{
NetDeviceContainer link = pointToPoint.Install(hub.Get(0), nodes.Get(i));
devices.Add(link);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer linkInterfaces = address.Assign(link);
interfaces.Add(linkInterfaces);
address.NewNetwork();
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
uint32_t numNodes = 100; // Number of nodes in the network
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue(“numNodes”, “Number of nodes in the network”, numNodes);
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(numNodes);
NetDeviceContainer devices;
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces;
CreateStarTopology(nodes, devices, interfaces, numNodes);
// Install applications
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0));
serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(numNodes – 1));
clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));
clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Enable packet tracing
devices.EnablePcapAll(“scalable-network”);
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Step 4: Utilize Efficient Routing Protocols
Choose efficient routing protocols that can scale well with the number of nodes, such as OSPF or BGP.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“ScalableNetworkSimulation”);
void CreateStarTopology(NodeContainer &nodes, NetDeviceContainer &devices, Ipv4InterfaceContainer &interfaces, uint32_t numNodes)
{
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NodeContainer hub;
hub.Create(1);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(hub);
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes; ++i)
{
NetDeviceContainer link = pointToPoint.Install(hub.Get(0), nodes.Get(i));
devices.Add(link);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer linkInterfaces = address.Assign(link);
interfaces.Add(linkInterfaces);
address.NewNetwork();
}
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
uint32_t numNodes = 100; // Number of nodes in the network
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue(“numNodes”, “Number of nodes in the network”, numNodes);
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(numNodes);
NetDeviceContainer devices;
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces;
CreateStarTopology(nodes, devices, interfaces, numNodes);
// Install applications
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0));
serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(numNodes – 1));
clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));
clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Enable packet tracing
devices.EnablePcapAll(“scalable-network”);
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Step 5: Enable Distributed Simulation
For very large-scale simulations, consider using distributed simulation capabilities to distribute the simulation workload across multiple processors or machines.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mpi-interface.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“ScalableNetworkSimulation”);
void CreateStarTopology(NodeContainer &nodes, NetDeviceContainer &devices, Ipv4InterfaceContainer &interfaces, uint32_t numNodes)
{
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NodeContainer hub;
hub.Create(1);
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(hub);
stack.Install(nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes; ++i)
{
NetDeviceContainer link = pointToPoint.Install(hub.Get(0), nodes.Get(i));
devices.Add(link);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer linkInterfaces = address.Assign(link);
interfaces.Add(linkInterfaces);
address.NewNetwork();
}
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
uint32_t numNodes = 100; // Number of nodes in the network
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue(“numNodes”, “Number of nodes in the network”, numNodes);
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
// Initialize MPI
MpiInterface::Enable(&argc, &argv);
GlobalValue::Bind(“SimulatorImplementationType”, StringValue(“ns3::DistributedSimulatorImpl”));
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create(numNodes);
NetDeviceContainer devices;
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces;
CreateStarTopology(nodes, devices, interfaces, numNodes);
// Install applications
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0));
serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(numNodes – 1));
clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));
clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Enable packet tracing
devices.EnablePcapAll(“scalable-network”);
Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
MpiInterface::Disable();
return 0;
}
Step 6: Analyse and Optimize Performance
Use tracing and logging to analyse the performance of your network. Optimize parameters such as data rates, packet sizes, and interval times based on the analysis.
// Enable tracing
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll(“scalable-network”);
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“scalable-network.tr”));
Here, we completed discussed about network scalability that has manage the larger network topologies to enhance the network in complex scenarios effectively using the ns3 tool. We also provide further insights regarding network scalability improvements.
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