To implement the optics in 5G networks in ns3 has includes to integrating the optical network elements with 5G new Radio (NR) components. This emulation will useful to learn the incorporate of optical transport networks with 5G mobile networks, which is vital for high-speed data transfer and low-latency communication. Now we are going to provide the procedures to generate the simple simulation of a 5G network incorporated with an optical backbone in ns3.
Step-by-Step Implementation:
Step 1: Setup ns3 Environment
Make certain ns3 is installed and properly configured with the essential modules, contains the 5G-LENA module for 5G NR and the optical network module.
- Clone and build ns3
git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git
cd ns-3-dev
./waf configure
./waf build
Step 2: Create the 5G Network Simulation Script
We will create a script that sets up a 5G network with optical transport components. This script includes an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), several Optical Network Units (ONUs), and a 5G NR network with gNB (next-generation NodeB) and UE (User Equipment).
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/flow-monitor-module.h”
#include “ns3/optical-network-module.h”
#include “ns3/5g-lena-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“Optical5GNetworkExample”);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
// Create nodes for optical network
NodeContainer oltNode;
oltNode.Create(1); // OLT node
NodeContainer onuNodes;
onuNodes.Create(2); // ONU nodes
// Create nodes for 5G network
NodeContainer gNbNode;
gNbNode.Create(1); // gNB node
NodeContainer ueNodes;
ueNodes.Create(2); // UE nodes
// Create point-to-point links for the optical network
PointToPointHelper p2p;
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Gbps”));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));
NetDeviceContainer devices;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < onuNodes.GetN(); ++i)
{
devices.Add(p2p.Install(oltNode.Get(0), onuNodes.Get(i)));
}
// Install the internet stack
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install(oltNode);
stack.Install(onuNodes);
// Assign IP addresses to the optical network
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);
// Set up 5G NR network
Ptr<NrHelper> nrHelper = CreateObject<NrHelper>();
Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper>();
nrHelper->SetEpcHelper(epcHelper);
Ptr<Node> pgw = epcHelper->GetPgwNode();
// Create a single remote host
NodeContainer remoteHostContainer;
remoteHostContainer.Create(1);
Ptr<Node> remoteHost = remoteHostContainer.Get(0);
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install(remoteHostContainer);
// Create the Internet
PointToPointHelper p2ph;
p2ph.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, DataRateValue(DataRate(“10Gbps”)));
p2ph.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, TimeValue(Seconds(0.010)));
NetDeviceContainer internetDevices = p2ph.Install(pgw, remoteHost);
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4h;
ipv4h.SetBase(“1.0.0.0”, “255.0.0.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer internetIpIfaces = ipv4h.Assign(internetDevices);
Ipv4Address remoteHostAddr = internetIpIfaces.GetAddress(1);
// Install the IP stack on the UEs and assign IP address
internet.Install(ueNodes);
Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper ipv4RoutingHelper;
Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> remoteHostStaticRouting = ipv4RoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting(remoteHost->GetObject<Ipv4>());
remoteHostStaticRouting->AddNetworkRouteTo(Ipv4Address(“7.0.0.0”), Ipv4Mask(“255.0.0.0”), 1);
// Create and configure the NR gNB and UE nodes
nrHelper->SetNrDeviceAttribute(“DlEarfcn”, UintegerValue(100));
nrHelper->SetNrDeviceAttribute(“UlEarfcn”, UintegerValue(18100));
nrHelper->SetNrDeviceAttribute(“DlBandwidth”, UintegerValue(50));
nrHelper->SetNrDeviceAttribute(“UlBandwidth”, UintegerValue(50));
NetDeviceContainer gNbDevs = nrHelper->InstallGnbDevice(gNbNode);
NetDeviceContainer ueDevs = nrHelper->InstallUeDevice(ueNodes);
epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address(NetDeviceContainer(ueDevs));
nrHelper->AttachToClosestEnb(ueDevs, gNbDevs);
// Install applications to generate traffic
uint16_t port = 9;
OnOffHelper onoff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address(InetSocketAddress(remoteHostAddr, port)));
onoff.SetConstantRate(DataRate(“1Gbps”));
ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));
apps.Start(Seconds(1.0));
apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
PacketSinkHelper sink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address(InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port)));
apps = sink.Install(remoteHost);
apps.Start(Seconds(0.0));
apps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));
// Enable FlowMonitor to measure performance metrics
FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;
Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();
// Run the simulation
Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));
Simulator::Run();
// Print per-flow statistics
monitor->CheckForLostPackets();
Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier = DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier>(flowmon.GetClassifier());
std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats();
for (std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats>::const_iterator i = stats.begin(); i != stats.end(); ++i)
{
Ipv4FlowClassifier::FiveTuple t = classifier->FindFlow(i->first);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Flow ” << i->first << ” (” << t.sourceAddress << ” -> ” << t.destinationAddress << “)”);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Tx Packets: ” << i->second.txPackets);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Tx Bytes: ” << i->second.txBytes);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Rx Packets: ” << i->second.rxPackets);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Rx Bytes: ” << i->second.rxBytes);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Lost Packets: ” << i->second.lostPackets);
NS_LOG_UNCOND(” Throughput: ” << i->second.rxBytes * 8.0 / (i->second.timeLastRxPacket.GetSeconds() – i->second.timeFirstTxPacket.GetSeconds()) / 1024 / 1024 << ” Mbps”);
}
// Clean up
Simulator::Destroy();
return 0;
}
Step 3: Compile and Run the Simulation
- Compile the Simulation:
./waf configure –enable-examples
./waf build
Run the Simulation:
./waf –run scratch/optical-5g-network-example
Step 4: Analyse Results
The simulation script sets up a 5G network with an optical backbone. FlowMonitor is used to collect and print out statistics about the traffic flows, such as packet loss, throughput, and delay.
Additional Considerations
To extend the functionality of your 5G and optical network simulation, consider the following:
1. Advanced Traffic Patterns
To understand their impact on the network executes diverse traffic patterns such as VoIP, video streaming.
2. Quality of Service (QoS)
To prioritize certain types of traffic and safeguard that critical data flows receive the necessary bandwidth and low latency using QoS mechanisms.
3. Fault Tolerance
Implement fault tolerance mechanisms to see how the network recovers from failures, such as automatic rerouting or redundant paths.
4. Performance Metrics
Collect and analyse additional metrics such as jitter, packet delay variation, and error rates to evaluate the network performance more comprehensively.
In the end, we all know how to simulate the 5G NR and the optical network module that sets up the optical transport components and it analyse the network performance using the ns3 implementation framework. We will give the additional details how the 5G NR will perform in other simulation tools.
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