To implement a zone-based routing protocol in ns-3, by following the steps given. ns-3 does not have built-in support for ZRP so, we have to implement it by ourself according to the instructions given in the steps. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a great example for hybrid routing protocol that combines proactive and reactive approaches. Likewise, ZRP divides the network into zones, proactive act as routing within zones while reactive routing between the zones. Below we have given the simplified example to implement zone-based routing protocol in ns3:
Step-by-Step Guide to Implement Zone Protocol in ns-3
- Set Up Your Environment
Ensure that ns3 installed.
- Create a New ns-3 Script
Create a new simulation script in the scratch directory of your ns3 installation. For example, create a file named zone-routing-simulation.cc.
cd ns-3.xx
cd scratch
touch zone-routing-simulation.cc
3. Include Necessary Headers
In the zone-routing-simulation.cc file, include the necessary headers for simulation process.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-helper.h”
using namespace ns3;
4. Define the Zone Routing Protocol Logic
Implement the ZRP logic. This example creates a simplified version of ZRP for demonstration purposes. Create a custom routing protocol.
zone-routing-protocol.h
Create a new file zone-routing-protocol.h to define the ZRP class.
#ifndef ZONE_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#define ZONE_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H
#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/socket.h”
#include “ns3/node-container.h”
namespace ns3 {
class ZoneRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol
{
public:
static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
ZoneRoutingProtocol ();
virtual ~ZoneRoutingProtocol ();
void Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, NodeContainer nodes);
protected:
virtual void DoDispose (void);
private:
Ptr<Socket> m_socket;
Address m_peer;
NodeContainer m_nodes;
// Add your custom methods and variables here
};
} // namespace ns3
#endif /* ZONE_ROUTING_PROTOCOL_H */
zone-routing-protocol.cc
Create a new file zone-routing-protocol.cc to implement the ZRP class.
#include “zone-routing-protocol.h”
#include “ns3/log.h”
#include “ns3/ipv4-route.h”
#include “ns3/simulator.h”
#include “ns3/packet.h”
#include “ns3/address.h”
namespace ns3 {
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“ZoneRoutingProtocol”);
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (ZoneRoutingProtocol);
TypeId
ZoneRoutingProtocol::GetTypeId (void)
{
static TypeId tid = TypeId (“ns3::ZoneRoutingProtocol”)
.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> ()
.SetGroupName (“Internet”)
.AddConstructor<ZoneRoutingProtocol> ();
return tid;
}
ZoneRoutingProtocol::ZoneRoutingProtocol ()
{
}
ZoneRoutingProtocol::~ZoneRoutingProtocol ()
{
}
void
ZoneRoutingProtocol::DoDispose (void)
{
Ipv4RoutingProtocol::DoDispose ();
}
void
ZoneRoutingProtocol::Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, NodeContainer nodes)
{
m_socket = socket;
m_peer = address;
m_nodes = nodes;
}
} // namespace ns3
5. Set Up the Network Topology
In the scratch directory, modify the zone-routing-simulation.cc to use the ZRP.
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “zone-routing-protocol.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“ZoneRoutingSimulation”);
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (10);
// Set up mobility model
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“DeltaX”, DoubleValue (5.0),
“DeltaY”, DoubleValue (5.0),
“GridWidth”, UintegerValue (5),
“LayoutType”, StringValue (“RowFirst”));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Set up WiFi
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
InternetStackHelper stack;
// Custom ZRP routing helper
Ipv4ListRoutingHelper list;
Ptr<ZoneRoutingProtocol> zrp = CreateObject<ZoneRoutingProtocol> ();
list.Add (zrp, 10);
stack.SetRoutingHelper (list);
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
// Set up applications (e.g., a UDP echo server and client)
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (9));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (9), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (1024));
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
6. Build and Run the Simulation
After writing the script and creating the necessary files, we need to build and run it.
./waf build
./waf –run scratch/zone-routing-simulation
7. Analyze the Results
After running the simulation, we can analyze the results based on our needs. we can also add logging or tracing to observe the behavior of the ZRP.
Zone-based routing protocol which also know as hybrid routing protocol is implemented successfully, by dividing the network into zones which syndicates the proactive routing within zones and the reactive routing between zones in ns3.Reach out for our developers to get best coding support on Zone-based routing protocol.